在第五届香山论坛的主旨发言
Keynote Speech at the Fifth Xiangshan Forum
国务委员兼国防部长 常万全上将
General Chang Wanquan, State Councilor and Minister of National Defense
2014年11月21日
November 21, 2014
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Dear friends,
上午好！与各位相识、相聚于香山，感到非常高兴。我代表中华人民共和国国防部和中国人民解放军，对各位来宾出席第5届香山论坛表示热烈欢迎。借此机会，我愿就“中国军队与亚太安全”这一议题与大家交流看法。
Good morning! I am very glad to meet all of you here at Xiangshan. Let me begin by welcoming you all to the Fifth Xiangshan Forum on behalf of China’s Ministry of National Defense and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). I wish to take this opportunity to share with you my views on this topic – China’s armed forces and Asia-Pacific security.
近年来，中国综合国力大幅提升，国防现代化建设不断推进，受到了世人的广泛关注。首先，我想结合中国国防和军队的历史与现状，介绍一下中国为什么要加快推进国防和军队现代化。
The remarkable growth of China’s comprehensive national power, and the continued progress in national defense modernization, have become a focus of international attention in recent years. First of all, I would like to explain, from both historical and contemporary perspectives, why China has accelerated the modernization drive of its national defense and armed forces.
一是基于对近代苦难历史的深刻反思。中国是世界文明古国之一，但大家都知道，近代以来中国封建统治者腐败无能，外国列强入侵不断，人民陷入半封建半殖民地的苦难深渊。经过百年抗争和不懈奋斗，中国人民终于真正掌握了自己的命运。我们深深懂得，在国家主权和安全问题上，“毋恃敌之不来，恃吾有以待之”。因此，中国推进国防和军队现代化建设，有效维护国家主权、安全和发展利益的决心意志是坚定不移的。
First, China has learned a bitter lesson from its wretched modern history. The Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. As we entered the modern era, however, Chinese people suffered grievously in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society because of the corruption and incompetence of their feudal rulers, coupled with unrelenting aggressions of foreign powers. Our people did not become masters of their own destiny until a century later, after a protracted struggle. When it comes to national sovereignty and security, the Chinese give great credence to the adage, “We should not rely on the likelihood of the enemy’s not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him.” Therefore, China is firmly determined to promote the modernization of its national defense and armed forces and effectively safeguard its national sovereignty, security and development interests.
二是基于守土卫疆的现实需要。中国国土面积大、人口众多，陆地边界和大陆海岸线、岛屿岸线漫长，特别是国家尚未实现完全统一。这些都对中国军队履行守土戍边职责提出了更高要求。应该说，建设巩固国防和强大军队，不仅十分必要，而且非常紧迫。还要看到，我们维护了自身的安全与稳定，也就是对亚太地区安全稳定的最直接贡献。
Second, military modernization serves China’s practical need to secure its own territory. China has a vast territory and a large population. Its land borders, mainland and island coastlines are very long indeed. In particular, China has not yet fully realized national reunification. These are all factors which place the Chinese military under heavy pressure in securing the country and its border areas. There is therefore a pressing need for China to strengthen its national defense and armed forces. It should also be noted that to defend our own security is a most direct contribution to the security and stability in the Asia-Pacific region.
三是基于适应世界新军事革命的客观要求。世界新军事革命正在加速推进，各国都在抓紧进行军队现代化建设或开展不同程度的军队改革。目前，中国军队仍处于机械化尚未完成、信息化刚刚起步的发展阶段，与世界先进军事水平相比，还有很大差距。中共十八届三中全会作出深化国防和军队改革的决定，我们正紧紧围绕强军目标，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系，这是顺应时代发展的必然选择。
Third, China has to adapt to the revolution in military affairs. As the revolution in military affairs gains momentum worldwide, every country is dedicating efforts to modernizing its armed forces or conducting various degrees of military reforms. At present, the Chinese military has yet to become fully mechanized and its application of information technology is still at an early stage. It lags far behind those advanced military forces elsewhere in the world. A decision to strengthen the reform of China’s national defense and armed forces was adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Mindful of the goal of building a strong military, we are now exerting ourselves to develop a system of modern military force with Chinese characteristics. This is a sure choice that China has made in keeping with the times.
四是基于服从服务国家改革开放的发展大局。20世纪70年代末，中国开启了改革开放的伟大历史进程。中国军队始终服从服务于国家改革发展大局，为中国经济腾飞做出了独特贡献。进入新世纪以来，随着国家经济实力的不断增长，中国军队受益于此，逐步加快了推进现代化建设的步伐。这主要是为了确保国防建设与经济建设协调发展，更好地保障国家经济社会发展和海外利益拓展。但应当看到，中国并没有改变以经济建设为中心的基本国策，军力发展也始终维持在合理水平。
Fourth, military modernization serves the overall interests of China’s reform, opening up and development. China initiated the historic process of reform and opening up in the late 1970s. The Chinese military, committed to serving the larger goals of reform and development, has made a unique contribution to China’s economic takeoff. Since the beginning of the new century, China’s armed forces have benefited from the country’s economic growth and stepped up their efforts to pursue modernization. The move is mainly intended to ensure the balanced development of national defense and the economy, and provide a more effective safeguard to China’s economic and social development as well as its expanding overseas interests. It should be noted that China has not changed the basic state policy of taking economic development as the central task. Its military growth has always been kept at a reasonable level.
五是基于共同应对非传统安全威胁的责任义务。近年来，恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义“三股势力”的威胁上升，重大自然灾害频发，国际海上通道安全面临新挑战，各种非传统安全问题日益成为地区各国共同面对的问题。在此背景下，我们更加重视和平时期的武装力量运用，在联合国维和、国际反恐、护航、国际救援和人道主义救援等领域承担起更多的国际责任和义务。中国推进国防和军队现代化建设，也是为了与各国一道，更好地应对各种安全威胁，积极发挥负责任大国作用。
Fifth, China is under an obligation to work together with other countries to cope with non-traditional security threats. In recent years, the threats of terrorism, separatism and extremism have mounted, in addition to frequent and major natural disasters and new challenges to the security of sea lines of communication. Such non-traditional security issues have become the common concern of all countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Against this backdrop, we have attached greater importance to the employment of armed forces in peacetime. It has shouldered increasing international obligations in areas such as UN peacekeeping, international anti-terrorism, commercial vessel protection, international disaster relief, and humanitarian assistance. Accelerating the modernization of national defense and armed forces will also enable China to come up with a better response to the various security challenges in collaboration with other countries and live up to its role as a responsible major country.
女士们，先生们，朋友们！
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends,
当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，文化多样化、社会信息化持续推进。亚太安全形势总体稳定，各国的安全与发展相互依存，日益成为一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体。
The world today is undergoing major developments, changes and adjustments. The global trends toward multipolarity and economic globalization are deepening. Cultural diversity is increasing, and an information-based society is fast emerging. The security landscape in the Asia-Pacific region is largely stable. As they depend on each other for security and development, countries in the region have formed a community of common destiny in which they will prosper or decline together.
今年5月，习近平主席提出共同安全、综合安全、合作安全、可持续安全的亚洲安全观，就是希望亚洲各国以包容合作精神构筑共同安全，也欢迎有关国家积极参与。这为亚太国家共同应对安全挑战提供了新选择、新思路。中国军队践行亚洲安全观，是国际安全合作的积极参与者和推动者，愿与各国军队一道，走出一条共建、共享、共赢的亚洲安全之路。
Last May, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward an Asian security concept that calls for common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. While expressing hope that Asian countries advance common security in the spirit of inclusiveness and cooperation, he welcomed the participation of other countries concerned. The concept offered a new vision for Asia-Pacific countries to cope jointly with security challenges. The Chinese military will uphold this concept as a participant and promoter of international security cooperation. It is willing to develop an approach to Asian security alongside the armed forces of other countries that features joint efforts, shared benefits and win-win results.
第一，妥善处理敏感争议问题，致力维护共同安全。国与国之间有些争议是正常的，关键是要加强管控，有效预防和化解危机。在陆上，中国军队设有64个边防部队边境会谈会晤站，2013年与邻国举行会谈会晤2000余次；中国与印度共同推进落实《中印边防合作协议》，维护中印边境地区和平与安宁。在海上，中国海军已与越南海军举行16 次北部湾联合巡逻，中方目前正与东盟国家探讨建立防务直通电话。不久前，中美两国国防部签署了关于建立重大军事行动相互通报信任措施机制和关于海空相遇安全行为准则两个谅解备忘录。正是这些积极务实举措，使我们共同维护了地区的和平与稳定，为各自国家发展最大限度地营造了良好氛围。
First, for the sake of common security, China has dealt with sensitive disputes in an appropriate fashion. It is to be expected that disputes will arise between nations. The key is to strengthen management and effectively prevent and resolve crises. Along its land borders, the Chinese military has set up 64 border defense force meeting venues, where in 2013 alone more than 2,000 meetings were held with neighboring countries. China and India have jointly implemented their Border Defense Cooperation Agreement to maintain border peace and stability. As far as naval cooperation is concerned, the Chinese Navy has conducted 16 joint patrols in the Beibu Gulf with the Vietnamese Navy. China is also exploring the possibility of opening a defense hotline with the ASEAN countries. Only recently, China’s Ministry of National Defense and the U.S. Department of Defense signed two memorandums of understanding on Notification of Major Military Activities Confidence-building Measures Mechanism and The Rules of Behavior for Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. With these practical moves and more, we have contributed to regional peace and stability and done our utmost to create a positive environment for the development of all countries in the region.
第二，持续开展地区安全对话，促进合作安全。我们始终致力于与各方进行坦诚深入的对话沟通，推动创造亚太防务安全合作的最大公约数。目前，中方已与26 个国家建立防务安全磋商对话机制。近年来，中方与50 多个国家举行了80多场以反恐、救灾等为主题的联合演习和训练。中国防务部门和军队积极参与地区多边安全合作，在上海合作组织、东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会等多边安全机制中发挥了重要作用。我们正在举行的香山论坛，就是中国军队推进安全对话与合作的一个例证。
First, for the sake of common security, China has dealt with sensitive disputes in an appropriate fashion. It is to be expected that disputes will arise between nations. The key is to strengthen management and effectively prevent and resolve crises. Along its land borders, the Chinese military has set up 64 border defense force meeting venues, where in 2013 alone more than 2,000 meetings were held with neighboring countries. China and India have jointly implemented their Border Defense Cooperation Agreement to maintain border peace and stability. As far as naval cooperation is concerned, the Chinese Navy has conducted 16 joint patrols in the Beibu Gulf with the Vietnamese Navy. China is also exploring the possibility of opening a defense hotline with the ASEAN countries. Only recently, China’s Ministry of National Defense and the U.S. Department of Defense signed two memorandums of understanding on Notification of Major Military Activities Confidence-building Measures Mechanism and The Rules of Behavior for Safety of Air and Maritime Encounters. With these practical moves and more, we have contributed to regional peace and stability and done our utmost to create a positive environment for the development of all countries in the region.
第三，积极提供公共安全产品，谋求综合安全。当前，安全挑战的关联性、跨国性、综合性日益突出，国际公共安全产品的需求不断上升。2002年以来，中国军队执行国际紧急人道主义援助任务39次，向30个受灾国运送总价值超过13亿元人民币的救援物资。2008年底以来，中方连续派出18批舰艇编队赴亚丁湾、索马里海域，为近6000艘中外船只提供护航；中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中派遣维和部队最多的国家, 迄今累计派出军队超过2.7万人次，目前中国维和部队2027 名官兵正在9个联合国维和任务区执行任务；为应对肆虐西非地区的埃博拉疫情，中国军队先后派出近300名医护人员赴疫区工作，在塞拉利昂建立埃博拉患者留观中心，并即将在利比里亚建成100 张床位的诊疗中心，为抗击埃博拉疫情做出了应有贡献。
Third, China has been active in providing public security goods in pursuit of comprehensive security. As security challenges become increasingly interconnected, transnational and comprehensive, there has been a rising demand for public goods in the global security filed. Since 2002, the Chinese military has carried out 39 international emergency humanitarian assistance operations. It has shipped more than 1.3 billion yuan ($212 million) in aid materials to 30 disaster-ridden countries. Since the end of 2008, China has dispatched 18 naval task forces to the Gulf of Aden and the waters off Somalia. These have provided an escort to almost 6,000 Chinese and foreign ships. China has contributed more peacekeeping troops than any other permanent member of the UN Security Council - a total of more than 27,000. Currently, 2, 027 Chinese peacekeepers are working with nine UN peacekeeping missions. In order to cope with the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, the Chinese military has sent almost 300 doctors and nurses to epidemic-affected areas. It has built an Ebola holding-center in Sierra Leone and will soon complete the construction of a 100-bed Ebola treatment center in Liberia. This represents a humble contribution to the fight against the deadly virus.
第四，深化防务领域务实合作，助力可持续安全。军队是国家安全的柱石，一个国家安全与否、能否实现可持续安全，很大程度上取决于其维护自身安全的能力。中国军队积极为其他国家尤其是发展中国家军队建设，提供力所能及的帮助，着眼于受援国军队的长远发展需求，重在提高其维护国家安全的整体能力水平。自2003 年以来，我们为130 多个国家培训了各类军事人员3万余人，每年还向一些发展中国家提供军事物资援助，这些援助不附加任何政治条件，相当一部分用于军校、军队医院等基础设施建设。
Fourth, China has reinforced results-oriented defense cooperation to boost sustainable security. The armed forces constitute the cornerstone of national security. Whether a country is secure and whether its security is sustainable hinge on its ability to protect itself. The Chinese military has, to the best of its abilities, helped other countries, especially developing countries, to strengthen their armed forces. While taking into account the long-term development of these countries’ armed forces, it focuses on improving their overall capability to safeguard national security. Since 2003, China has trained more than 30,000 military personnel for over 130 countries. It also assists other developing countries every year by providing military aid with no political strings attached. Much of this material is used for the construction of such infrastructure as military academies and hospitals.
女士们，先生们，朋友们！
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends,
亚太安全合作的前景是美好的，但维护亚太安全之路任重道远。各国需要通力合作，共同维护亚太地区的和平稳定与持久繁荣。
While Asia-Pacific security cooperation looks promising, we still have a long way to go to secure our region. All countries should work in concert for its peace, stability and enduring prosperity.
我们倡议，进一步加强争议管控，不断提高危机处理能力。我们主张以亚太地区和平稳定大局为重，在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，通过谈判协商妥善解决争议。各有关方面应建立顺畅高效的管控机制，提高危机处理能力，防止争议升级。中国军队愿与各方一道，用多形式、各层级的联络机制，及时沟通信息，妥善处置相关问题。
We call for further strengthening of dispute management procedures to improve our ability to cope with crises. We believe that peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region should be put at the top of the agenda. Disputes should be resolved through negotiations with full respect to historical facts and the international law. The parties concerned should establish accessible and efficient dispute management and control mechanisms, refine their capacity to deal with crises, and prevent disputes from escalating. The Chinese military stands ready to seek appropriate solutions to relevant issues in collaboration with other parties by sharing information in a timely manner through a variety of liaison mechanisms at different levels.
我们倡议，进一步加强防务交流合作，不断增进战略互信。各国应该以开放包容的心态积极推动防务部门和军队经常性往来，建立稳定的防务安全磋商机制，深化双边和多边交流，凝聚更多共识，增进战略互信。我们愿与各方共同努力，加强宽领域多层次全方位的务实合作，促进亚太地区军事关系良好发展。
We call for further strengthening of defense exchanges and cooperation to bolster strategic mutual trust. All countries should promote regular, open and inclusive contacts between their respective defense authorities and armed forces. They should put in place regular defense and security consultation mechanisms, reinforce bilateral and multilateral exchanges, forge a growing consensus, and enhance strategic mutual trust. We are willing to work together with other parties to promote the growth of positive military-to-military relations in the Asia-Pacific region by strengthening wide-ranging, multi-tiered and all-round cooperation.
我们倡议，进一步加强地区安全架构建设，不断强化命运共同体意识。我们主张超越冷战思维，从亚太实际出发，考虑各方安全关切，照顾各方舒适度，逐步构建开放、透明、平等、包容的亚太地区安全架构。
We call for further strengthening of the regional security architecture to foster a stronger sense of belonging to a community of common destiny. We advocate that countries should transcend Cold War thinking and base their decisions on the reality of the Asia-Pacific region. They should take all parties’ security concerns into consideration. They should also accommodate each other’s comfort levels as they build an open, transparent, equal and inclusive Asia-Pacific security architecture.
女士们，先生们，朋友们！
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends,
习近平主席日前在APEC 会议期间讲到：“志同道合，是伙伴。求同存异，也是伙伴。朋友多了，路才好走。”让我们紧紧围绕建立互信、包容、合作、共赢的亚太伙伴关系这个目标，共同努力、精诚合作，创造亚太地区更加美好的明天。
President Xi Jinping said at a recent APEC event, “Those who share the same ideal and follow the same path can be partner. Those who seek common ground while shelving differences can also be partners. More friends, more opportunities.” Let us commit ourselves to the goal of forging an Asia-Pacific partnership featuring mutual trust, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win results, and join hands to create a bright future for our region.
谢谢！
Thank you!
来源：国防部
