做大合作蛋糕，促进亚太繁荣
Making the Cake of Cooperation Bigger, Promoting Prosperity in Asia-Pacific
——驻印度大使乐玉成在印度APEC圆桌论坛上的主旨演讲
– Keynote Speech by H.E. Mr. Le Yucheng at the Round Table Discussion on APEC
2014年11月4日
New Delhi, India
女士们、先生们、朋友们：
Ladies and gentlemen,
Dear friends,
感谢大家出席亚太经合组织（APEC）圆桌讨论会。感谢印度中国研究所与使馆共同主办研讨会。APEC是当今亚太地区级别最高、规模最大、影响最广的经济合作机制，21个成员拥有世界40%的人口、57%的经济总量和46%的贸易总量，战略地位重要。继2001年上海APEC，中国今年再次迎来APEC会议，从明天开始，将在北京举办今年APEC领导人会议周各项活动，包括APEC第22次领导人非正式会议、APEC工商领导人峰会、APEC领导人与工商咨询理事会代表对话会等活动。今年APEC会议的主题是"共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系"。北京已准备好迎接APEC成员领导人，共谋亚太发展大计。借此东风，我愿与大家一起，探讨亚太未来合作发展之路。
It is my great pleasure to join you in this Round Table Discussion on Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. I’d like to express my heart-felt appreciation for the Institute of Chinese Studies for co-organizing this event. APEC is the largest, highest-ranking and most influential economic cooperation mechanism in the Asia-Pacific region. It is of great strategic significance in the world with 21 members, 40% of the world’s population, 57% of the total world economy and 46% of the total global trade. The choice of this topic for today’s discussion vindicates the wide range and deep insight of the ICS’s academic focus.
With fond memories of the 2001 APEC Summit held in Shanghai, China is ready to host once again APEC in Beijing this time. Starting from tomorrow, China will host the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders’ Week, including the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, APEC CEO Summit and APEC Business Advisory Council Dialogue with Leaders. Celebrating its 25th Anniversary, the theme of 2014 APEC is “Shaping the Future through Asia-Pacific Partnership”. Beijing is ready to host the APEC leaders to seek common development of the Asia-Pacific region. At this opportune moment I would like to talk with all of you about the future path of development and cooperation of the Asia-Pacific region.
当前世界经济形势错综复杂，国际金融危机的影响和冲击余波尤在，发达经济体复苏艰难曲折，新兴市场和发展中经济体增速放缓。亚太发展势头强劲，已成为全球经济发展速度最快、潜力最大、合作最为活跃的地区，日益承担起引领世界经济发展引擎的重任，在全球经济格局中的地位稳步提升。
The present global economic situation remains complex, where the after-effects of the international financial crisis can still be felt. The road to recovery in developed countries is still bumpy. Growth in emerging market economies and developing countries has slowed down. Today, the Asia-Pacific region has become the engine of the global economy with the highest growth rate, the greatest potential and the most active intra-regional cooperation. Its status in the global economy is rising steadily.
亚太区域合作从未像今天这样充满机遇，但也面临风险和挑战。
Never before had the cooperation in Asia-Pacific been so full of hope and opportunities. Yet never before had we to deal with so many risks and challenges.
第一，全球化深入发展，区域自贸协定不断扩散，亚太经济合作处在一体化和碎片化的十字路口。第二，国际金融危机暴露出传统增长模式的弊端和不可持续性，亚太经济体必须加快经济创新发展和改革的步伐，深入探索新的发展思路，寻求新的增长点。第三，亚太基础设施仍很薄弱，融资难的瓶颈未得到有效解决，亟待各方以创造性的思路和途径解决。
First, with deepening globalization and proliferation of various regional free trade agreements, Asia-Pacific economic cooperation now stands at a crossroads that could lead to either integration or fragmentation.
Second, the international financial crisis has exposed the pitfalls and unsustainability of the traditional growth model. Asia-Pacific member economies should accelerate innovative development and reform so as to find new approaches to development and new areas of economic growth.
Third, hindered by the financing bottlenecks, infrastructure is still weak in the Asia- Pacific region. Hence, the effective resolution of financing bottlenecks requires all of us to think out of the box and work creatively.
鉴此，今年APEC会议将重点讨论三项议题。
Taking these challenges into consideration, this year’s APEC meeting will focus on three priorities:
一是推动区域经济一体化。积极推进亚太自贸区建设，支持多边贸易体制，促进全球价值链供应链合作，加强贸易和投资能力建设。二是促进经济创新发展、改革与增长。围绕经济改革、新经济、创新增长、包容性支持、城镇化等"五大支柱"，讨论和推动跨越"中等收入陷阱"、绿色发展、创新增长、蓝色经济、互联网经济、城镇化等领域的务实合作。三是加强全方位基础设施和互联互通建设。继续从硬件、软件和人员交流三方面推动制定亚太互联互通蓝图，探讨拓展基础设施建设融资渠道，推动教育、智库等地区软连通和人文交往，构建地区全方位、多层次的复合型互联互通格局。
Priority One: Advancing Regional Economic Integration. Important items under this priority include promoting Asia-Pacific free trade area, supporting the multilateral trading system, advancing cooperation on global value chain and supply chain, strengthening capacity- building in trade and investment.
Priority Two: Promoting Innovative Development, Economic Reform and Growth. The objective is to promote pragmatic cooperation around “the five pillars” of economic reform, new economy, innovative growth, inclusive support and urbanization in order to leap over “the middle-income trap”, to bring green development and innovative growth, to build a blue economy and an internet economy, and to achieve urbanization.
Priority Three: Strengthening Comprehensive Connectivity and Infrastructure Development. Connectivity has three pillars: first, physical or hard connectivity, which includes transport, telecommunications, ICT and energy infrastructure; second, institutional or soft connectivity, which includes customs, supply-chain, financial and regulatory coherence, structural reform, etc.; third, people-to-people connectivity, which includes business mobility, labor and professional mobility, tourism facilitation, and transnational education. This year we have the mandate to develop the Blueprint, which will address the achievements and challenges of connectivity in this region, as well as the key initiatives for enhanced APEC connectivity and strategies for implementation.
中方认为，亚太地区正处在发展的关键时期。我们应合力打造亚太利益共同体和命运共同体，致力于互利合作，实现共同发展。在经济全球化背景下，亚太各国的发展不可能独善其身，更不是你输我赢的零和博弈。在印地语里有句谚语叫“1+1=11”，中国也有“一加一大于二”的说法，这说明中印古老智慧所见略同。中国和印度还有个相似的故事，一位老人分给几个儿子每人一根筷子，都能轻而易举折断，把筷子合成一把，谁也没法折断。大家认识到，凝成一股绳，什么事情都能办好。亚太各方应该像这家兄弟一样，携手深化各领域务实合作，在开放中融合，在融合中发展，系牢经济联系纽带，共同推动亚洲世纪的到来。
Asia-Pacific is at a crucial stage of development. We should adhere to the overarching goal of common development and build an Asia-Pacific community of shared interests and common destiny. In the age of economic globalization, countries cannot achieve development in isolation from each other, still less can they pursue development as a “zero-sum game”. Rather, with our interests closely entwined, we the Asia-Pacific countries need to seek mutually beneficial cooperation.
Great minds think alike. Ancient wisdom see eye to eye. There is a Chinese proverb, “one plus one can make more than two”. I learnt that there is a similar saying in the Hindi language, “one plus one equals eleven”. That is also the moral of the following story known widely both in China and India. Once an old man gave each of his sons a single chopstick, everyone broke it easily. However, when the old man put all the chopsticks into a bundle, none of the young guys could break them. The story tells us about the importance of unity and cooperation. We the Asia-Pacific countries are brothers to each other as in this story. We need to deepen pragmatic cooperation in all fields, seek development through integration, and thus jointly bring into reality the Asia-Pacific Century.
中国是亚太大家庭的一员，亚太是中国安身立命之所、发展繁荣之基，中国的发展也是亚太区域合作的重要动力。中国愿意通过自身发展带动共同发展。在此，我想以几个关键词来与各位分享中国关于自身发展与共同发展的理念：
Asia-Pacific is the region where our home is. As a member of the Asia-Pacific big family, China sees the prosperity of the entire region as the foundation of its own well-being. China’s development is also a driving force for regional growth and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. China is willing to promote common development through its own development. We desire to live in harmony and work in unison with our neighbors to make the cake of cooperation even bigger so that we can all share the fruits of our common prosperity.
Here, I’d like to share with all of you our ideas about the common development in four key words all starting with the letter C, “the four Cs”.
第一，勇于创新。中国30多年来改革开放本身就是规模宏大的创新行动。过去中国要加入WTO，国内最初也有很多人反对，说“狼来了”。但是中国不怕竞争，与狼共舞，通过开放倒逼自己适应国际竞争，现在不但没被狼吃掉，反而发展得生龙活虎。最近阿里巴巴在纽约上市的故事家喻户晓，我想告诉大家，这并不是一枝独秀的个案。华为、中兴等公司在国内外竞争中壮大，产品性价比非常高，在印度也受到欢迎。中国经济充满活力，与世界融合度高，不但提高了中国人民的生活水平，也给包括印度在内的各国人民带来福祉。
The first word is Creative. China’s reform and opening-up over the past 30 years is a text-book example of creative thinking and large-scale innovation. I remember vividly that when China considered whether to accede to the WTO, there was a strong domestic opposition crying “wolves are coming”. However, after dancing with the wolves for years, China not only survives but also thrives. China has adapted to international competition through its opening-up. Recently, Alibaba’s IPO success has become a household story. I would like to say that Alibaba might be the star at the moment yet it is just one in the Milky Way of Chinese private enterprises that have made great achievements over many years. Other Chinese companies such as Huawei and ZTE have embraced competition at home and abroad and have emerged as industry leaders. Their products are highly cost effective and liked by customers as “value for money” in India as well. Nowadays, the ever deeper integration of China’s vibrant economy with the global economy not only improves the living standards of the Chinese people but also enhances the well-being of the peoples of all other countries, including India.
第二，鼓励创业。让每个有创业意愿的人都拥有自主创业的空间，让市场在资源配置中充分发挥作用。中国新一届政府成立以来，下决心简政放权。一年多来，中央政府各部门取消和下放了600多项行政审批事项。企业准入门槛降低了，全社会创业热情出现“井喷式”增长。1-9月，新登记注册市场主体920多万户，带动1000万人以上就业。中国出现大众和草根创业新浪潮，进一步释放了市场潜力。今明两年，将有1/3的中国省市人均国内生产总值超过1万美元。未来7年，预计中国将进口超过17万亿美元商品，对外直接投资规模达到1.2万亿美元。到2020年，将有6亿中国人进入中等收入阶层，呈现一个诱人的“世界市场”。
The second word is Conducive. We have strived to remove market obstacles and make the market play a decisive role in resources allocation so that everyone interested in starting a business could give full play to his or her spirit of entrepreneurship. Since its formation, the new Chinese government has introduced reforms to simplify the administrative approval system so as to lower the threshold for starting businesses and remove restrictions on them. Within only one year, central government departments have removed or delegated to lower levels administrative approval on over 600 items. This has given a great boost to business development in the whole country. From January to September this year, the number of newly registered market entities exceeded 9 million, generating more than 10 million jobs. The reform and innovation fuels the new wave of mass entrepreneurship at the grassroots level and releases great potential of the market in China. Within next two years, per capita GDP in one-third of the provinces in China will exceed 10,000 US dollars. In the next seven years, China is expected to import goods worth more than 17 trillion US dollars, and the amount of outward Chinese foreign direct investment is expected to reach 1.2 trillion US dollars. By 2020, 600 million Chinese people would be earning middle-level-income, which will create an attractive “world market”.
第三，积极贡献。据高盛公司统计，2000年至2010年，中国对世界经济的累计贡献率为22%。国际货币基金组织称，中国对世界经济增长的贡献率目前已达30%，中国经济每增长1个百分点，就会拉动亚洲地区经济增长0.3%。世行前首席经济学家林毅夫表示，像当年亚洲“四小龙”产业升级转移带动中国大陆经济发展那样，中国经济的升级和转移，必将为其他发展中国家尤其是周边国家创造新的增长空间。而且由于中国经济规模远远大于当年“四小龙”，这一带动作用也必将更加明显。
The third word is Contributive. According to Goldman Sachs’ statistics, China contributed 22 percent to global growth between 2000 and 2010. The IMF stated that the proportion of China’s contribution to the world economy has reached 30 percent and for each percentage point the Chinese economy grows, the economy of Asia as a whole expand by 0.3 percent. Former World Bank chief economist Lin Yifu said that just like the contribution of the “Four Asian Dragons” to the development of mainland China in the past, China’s economic upgrading will now create a new growth space for the growth of other developing countries, especially the neighboring ones. Taking into account that the size of China’s economy is far bigger than that of the “Four Asian Dragons”, China’s contribution will certainly be more apparent.
同时，中方认为，发展离不开和平与稳定。中国在为地区发展做出贡献的同时，也致力于维护地区和平与安全。最新的一个例子就是中国坚定支持阿富汗推进和平和解与重建进程，帮助阿加强能力建设。10月31日，阿富汗问题伊斯坦布尔进程第四次外长会在北京举行，中方宣布今年向阿提供5亿元人民币无偿援助，今后3年向阿提供15亿元人民币无偿援助，今后5年为阿富汗培训3000名各类人才并提供500个奖学金名额。中方此举受到国际社会的广泛赞誉。
Realizing that development is inseparable from peace and stability, China is also committed to safeguarding regional peace and security while contributing to regional development. The latest example is that China firmly supports Afghanistan to promote peaceful reconciliation and reconstruction process and is willing to help Afghanistan to enhance its capacity building. During the 4th Foreign Ministerial Conference of the Istanbul Process on Afghanistan held in Beijing on October 31, China announced Afghanistan grant assistance of 500 million RMB yuan this year and 1.5 billion RMB yuan in the coming three years, training of 3,000 Afghan professionals in various fields and offering of 500 scholarships in the next five years. This action of China has been widely acclaimed by the international community.
第四，携手合作。长期以来，中国以自身的发展为亚太的繁荣稳定提供机遇，积极参与亚太区域合作，始终在思考如何为推进亚太经济一体化作出新贡献，愿意利用自身的经验、资金和技术推动共同发展。中国提出建设“一带一路”和“孟中印缅经济走廊”等倡议，推动实现区域政策沟通、道路联通、贸易畅通、货币流通、民心相通。这里我想着重介绍一下中国为解决互联互通融资瓶颈而倡议建立的亚洲基础设施投资银行情况。10月24日，印度和其它20个亚投行首批创始成员国的代表在北京共同签署了亚投行筹建备忘录。习近平主席会见各国代表时表示，欢迎所有有兴趣的国家积极参与，实现合作共赢。亚投行的建立代表了各方团结合作共谋发展的愿望、决心和行动。它是一种创新机制，同现有多边开发机构相互补充而不是取而代之。亚投行将加快促进本地区基础设施互联互通，推动区域经济合作，为亚洲经济发展注入新动力。相信通过各方共同努力，亚投行将成为一个平等、包容、高效的基础设施投融资平台和适应本地区各国发展需要的多边开发银行。
The fourth word is Cooperative. China has always been committed to promote the Asia-Pacific development through its own development and provide new opportunities for regional prosperity through its own reforms and opening-up. China has always been thinking about ways to make new contributions towards deepening the Asia-Pacific economic integration and is willing to use its experience, funds and technology to promote the common development of the Asia-Pacific. Infrastructure connectivity is a basic condition for integrated development. China is promoting the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road in order to achieve regional policy communication, connect roads, smoothen trade, encourage currency circulation and link the hearts of people. Here I’d like to talk more about China’s proposal to establish the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to resolve the financing bottlenecks in the path of regional interconnectivity. India and 20 other prospective founding members of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank signed the MoU in Beijing on October 24. After the signing ceremony, President Xi Jinping met representatives from these countries. He welcomed active participation by all countries that are interested so as to achieve win-win results. He said that the establishment of the AIIB incorporates the desire, resolve and action of all parties in pursuing development through cooperation and contributes to improving global financial governance. The AIIB itself is an innovative mechanism. It complements the existing mechanisms instead of replacing them. The AIIB would facilitate infrastructural inter-connectivity in this region, advance regional economic cooperation and inject new impetus into the Asian economic development. I am sure that through concerted efforts of all parties, the AIIB can be built into an equal, inclusive and highly-efficient platform for infrastructure investment and financing as well as a multilateral development bank that meets the needs of the countries in this region.
习近平主席不久前对印度进行了历史性的成功访问，与莫迪总理达成一系列共识，强调中印要做更加紧密的发展伙伴、引领增长的合作伙伴、战略协作的全球伙伴，携手追寻民族复兴之梦，共同实现和平发展、合作发展、共同发展。双方正抓紧落实访问成果。
As you know, President Xi Jinping concluded his historical and very successful state visit to India last month. During the visit, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Narendra Modi reached broad consensus on bilateral ties. It was emphasized that China and India should become closer partners for development, cooperative partners for growth and global partners for strategic coordination, the two countries should jointly pursue our respective dreams of national renewal; and jointly achieve peaceful, cooperative and inclusive development. Now the two sides are stepping up efforts to implement the outcome of this visit.
习主席访印期间指出，“中印两国当务之急都是让本国人民生活得更舒心、更安心、更幸福”。 我相信，印度民众个人和家庭生活水准将搭乘中印合作和发展快车享有日新月异的提高。这里，我想借此机会从一个印度普通民众的视角来看看，当前中印关系大发展给他带来什么好处。
As President Xi Jinping said, development is the top strategic goal shared by the two countries and nothing is more imperative than to deliver a more comfortable, more secure and happier life to our peoples. I believe that Indian people will benefit immensely from China’s development and the cooperation between China and India. Here I’d like to discuss what the Sino-Indian cooperation means from the perspective of the common Indian people.
按照两国经贸合作规划，中国200亿美元真金白银的投资将在印度工业园区建设、铁路改扩建等重点项目中逐步到位，印度百姓很快将享受到在中国厂商在印度本土制造的物美价廉的中国商品，享受中国电力企业为帮助印实现7X24小时电力保障所做的贡献，并有望体验飞驰电掣、舒适快捷的高铁。成千上万的印度人将得到中国企业提供的就业岗位。目前，仅中国华为公司一家就创造了5000多个就业。该公司2000多人的研发中心将很快在班加罗尔运行。中国市场还将向印度商品敞开大门，印度农业、医药、IT等产品将在中国供不应求。
According to the China-India economic and trade cooperation program, China will invest 20 billion US Dollars in India in the next 5 years in various industrial and infrastructure development projects. The Indian people will soon benefit from more high-quality and reasonably priced goods made by Chinese manufacturers in India; enjoy 24x7 power supply with the support from Chinese power enterprises; and hopefully experience more convenient and comfortable high-speed railway service. China’s investment will create jobs for thousands of Indians. Huawei, a Chinese IT company, alone has already created more than 5,000 jobs in India at present. Its R&D Center with 2000-plus posts will soon operate in Bangalore. Meanwhile, Indian pharmaceutical, agricultural and IT products will find greater access to the Chinese market.
印度旅游从业者将有机会接待更多中国游客，增加收入。中国未来5年出境旅游人次预计将超5亿，印度作为中国近邻有望“近水楼台先得月”。当然，如果印方能给予中国游客落地签证，吸引力将会倍增。许愿踏上通往神山圣湖朝圣之旅的印度民众有望在明年就体验到中方同意增开的乃堆拉山口线路的便利。热衷研习和推广瑜伽的印度民众，会惊喜地发现在中国已有众多爱好此道的朋友。
Indian tourism operators will have the opportunity to increase their revenues from receiving more Chinese tourists. In the next 5 years, there will be more than 500 million Chinese outbound tourists. As a neighboring country, India could expect to be an important destination for the Chinese tourists. The current arrival figure of 100,000 seems too meager. We should make good use of Tourism Years in 2015 and 2016 to promote Incredible India. For example, visa-upon-arrival for the Chinese tourists might be a good idea to boost tourism in India. More Indian tourists are also welcome to visit China. To facilitate the Indian pilgrims, the Chinese side has agreed to open a new route for the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra through Nathu La Pass, which is expected to be operational next year. By the way, Indian yoga gurus and practitioners would be pleasantly surprised to find that yoga is already part of the popular exercise regimen of the Chinese.
当然，中印边界问题仍有待解决，这是西方殖民者遗留的历史问题，属于邻居间难免的磕磕碰碰，相信双方有能力、有智慧通过和平友好协商，找到公平合理、双方都能接受的解决方案。乌云遮不住太阳光芒。边界问题不应影响两国合作大局。
People with real-life experience understand fully that neighbors may sometimes encounter problems and there are always ways to solve them. Of course the boundary question, which is a leftover from the western colonialists, needs solution. I earnestly believe that both sides have the ability and wisdom to reach fair, reasonable and mutually acceptable solution through peaceful and friendly consultation to prevent the boundary question from affecting the overall bilateral relations. As long as we continue to have sufficient foresight, courage and tolerance, we will be able to dispel these stray clouds and bring our bilateral cooperation forward to the bright future.
中印同是东方文明古国，当前又都处在民族复兴的关键时期，强国富民之梦息息相通。中印同样面临着改革发展的历史性机遇，发展阶段相似，发展理念契合，互补性强，合作优势明显。中印同为金砖国家和新兴经济体，是世界多极化进程中的两支重要力量。圣雄甘地说，中国和印度是同舟共济、患难与共的同路人。莫迪总理对习主席说，中印两国是“两个身体，一种精神”。习主席说，中印一个声音说话，全世界都会倾听；中印携手合作，全世界都会关注。让我们从领导人的远见卓识中汲取智慧，把握大局，放眼长远，把两国发展战略更加紧密地对接起来，书写亚太合作新篇章，为两国人民谋求福祉，为亚太乃至世界经济的繁荣做出贡献。
Being ancient oriental civilizations at similar stages of development, China and India are both pursuing the great dream of national renewal, dreams that are interconnected and mutually compatible. China and India are now in a crucial stage of national rejuvenation, where they need to become closer development partners that draw upon each other’s strengths and work together for common development. As members of the BRICS and as emerging economies, China and India are two major forces in the process of the formation of a multi-polar world.
Mahatma Gandhi once observed that China and India are fellow travelers sharing weal and woe in a common journey. Prime Minister Narender Modi has likened China and India to “two bodies with one spirit”. President Xi Jinping also pointed out that if we speak with one voice, the whole world will listen, and if we join hands, the whole world will pay attention.
Let’s draw wisdom from our great ancient civilizations and our visionary leaders, show sufficient foresight to promote the China-India strategic cooperative partnership and closely link our development strategy. Let’s bring more benefit to the two peoples and make greater contribution to promoting the prosperity and revitalization of Asia-Pacific as well as the stability and development of the world.
几天前，王毅外长向世界宣布，北京APEC已经进入倒计时。我愿在这里重申，中国准备好了，北京准备好了！
A few days ago, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi announced to the world that the countdown to APEC Beijing had started. Speaking today, I want to reiterate that China is ready, Beijing is ready.
谢谢大家。
Thank you.
来源：中国驻印度大使馆
