国务院新闻办公室主任蔡名照

Cai Mingzhao, Director of the State Council Information Office of China

 

2014年9月17日

September 17, 2014

 

尊敬的罗豪才会长，黄孟复理事长，

尊敬的各位来宾、女士们、先生们，

 

Honorable President Luo Haocai and Director Huang Mengfu,

Honorable guests,

Ladies, gentlemen and friends,

 

大家上午好！

 

Good morning!

 

在这秋风送爽的美好季节，我们再次相聚在北京，举办第七届北京人权论坛。我代表中国国务院新闻办公室向出席论坛的各位来宾表示诚挚的欢迎！

 

In this golden Autumn we gather in Beijing once again, holding the 7th Beijing Forum on Human Rights. On behalf of the State Council Information Office of China, I would like to express a heartfelt welcome to every guest attending the Forum.

 

2012年11月，中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会刚刚闭幕，习近平总书记就提出了“实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦”。他特别指出，实现中华民族伟大复兴，就是要让中国人民有更好的教育、更稳定的工作、更满意的收入、更可靠的社会保障、更高水平的医疗卫生服务、更舒适的居住条件、更优美的环境，让孩子们成长得更好、工作得更好、生活得更好。让每个人都能发展自我和奉献社会，共同享有人生出彩的机会，共同享有梦想成真的机会，共同享有平等参与、平等发展的机会。进一步说，就是要让中国人民过上更加富裕、更有尊严的生活，实现每个人自由而全面的发展。

 

Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC, proposed to “realize the Chinese dream of the great revival of the Chinese nation” immediately after the close of the 18th National Congress of the CPC in November 2012. He emphasized that the fulfillment of the Chinese dream about the great revival of the Chinese nation is just the realization of the country’s prosperity, the nation’s revival and the people’s happiness. The Chinese dream is the people’s dream after all. General Secretary Xi Jinping has specially pointed out the Chinese dream that we want to achieve is just to offer to the people better education, steadier employment, more satisfactory incomes, more reliable social security, better medical services, more comfortable dwelling conditions , and more beautiful environment, make children grow better, work better and live better, and enable everyone to develop himself and make contributions to the society, share the opportunity for a shining life, share the opportunity to achieve the dream, and share the opportunity of equal participation and equal development.

 

为了实现中国梦，我们确立了“两个一百年”的奋斗目标，这就是到2020年实现国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，全面建成小康社会；到本世纪中叶建成富强民族文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族的伟大复兴。围绕这个奋斗目标，中共十八大以来，连续出台了一些涉及人权保障的新举措，中国的人权事业又有新发展。

 

In order to fulfill the Chinese dream, we established our “two centuries” goal. To be detailed, we are going to completely build up a well-off society by 2020, with both the GDP and the per capita incomes of urban and rural residents doubled in comparison with in 2010; and a modernized socialist country with prosperity, democracy, advanced civilization and harmony, realizing the great revival of the Chinese nation. Around this goal, many new measures involving human rights protection have been proclaimed in succession since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and the cause of human rights in China has experienced its new development.

 

经济社会文化权利得到进一步保障。近年来，人民生活水平进一步提高，社会保障事业快速发展，基本公共服务均等化迈出了新步伐，人民的生存权和发展权得到更好的保障。2013年，中国农村贫困人口减少1650万人，城镇登记失业率保持在4.1%的较低水平，低于国际劳工组织公布的全球6%的平均失业率。全国新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民养老保险实现了全覆盖，初步形成了世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。截至2014年6月，参加城镇职工医疗保险、城镇居民医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗的人数超过了13亿2000万人。教育资源和公共文化服务更加注重均等化和普惠化。公共文化资源更加注重向基层社会输送。

 

–Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Have Been Further Guaranteed. For recent years, the people’s living standards have been steadily improved, the cause of social security has rapidly developed, and the equalization of basic public services has taken a new step. Accordingly, the people’s rights to existence and development have been better guaranteed. In 2013, the deprived population in the rural areas of China reduced by 16.50 million, and the registered unemployment in cities and towns remained at 4.1%, a relatively lower level than the 6% average global unemployment rate proclaimed by the International Labour Organization. The national new social old-age insurance in rural areas and the old-age insurance for urban residents have covered all the population, preliminarily forming the largest social security system in the world. By June 2014, more than 1.32 billion of the population has taken part in the medical insurance system for urban employees, medical insurance system for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical care system. Educational resources and public cultural services have been further equalized and extended to more people, the State has emphatically supported the rural areas in middle and west China, the regions occupied by ethnical minorities and the areas in poverty to improve their poor schooling conditions, and also, much more attention has been paid to the transference of public cultural resources to the substratum society.

 

公民权利和政治权利得到有效保障。2013年中国召开的第十二届全国人民代表大会，首次实现了城乡按照相同人口比例选举全国人大代表，基层代表数量增加。不断拓宽畅通权利救济渠道，着力解决信访突出问题，积极回应群众利益诉求。严惩贪污腐败、加强对权力的监督和约束，让权力在阳光下运行，廉洁政治建设取得明显成效。公民实现言论自由的途径和手段日益增多，互联网成为公民表达意见的重要渠道之一。截至2014年6月，中国网民规模达到6.32亿，互联网普及率达到46.9%。在宪法和法律的范围内，公众可以对各种社会问题进行自由讨论。

 

–The Citizens’ Rights and Political Rights Have Been Effectively Guaranteed. In the 12th National People’s Congress held in 2013, NPC representatives were elected at the same rate of populations both in urban and rural areas for the first time, the number of substratum representatives increased, and the number of representatives of peasant-workers was doubled. The channels for rights relief have been continually smoothed and broadened, special efforts have been made to solve remarkable problems concerning petitions through letters and visits, the masses’ claims for benefits have been actively responded to. Corruption has been strictly punished, and the supervision and restriction over public power have been strengthened, leaving public power functioning in the sunlight. Accordingly, remarkable achievements have been attained in the construction of clean politics. The means for citizens to exercise freedom of press have increasingly multiplied, and the internet has become one of the important channels for citizens to express their opinions. By June 2014, netizens in China amounted to 632 million, and the popularization rate of the internet was as high as 46.9%. Within the range of the Constitution and law, the public can discuss various social problems at will.

 

人权法治保障迈出重要步伐。法治中国建设加快推进，坚持依法治国，将“尊重和保障人权”宪法原则贯穿于立法、行政、司法各个环节，人权保障水平不断提高。司法体制改革进一步深化，加快推进建设公正、高效权威的社会主义司法制度，维护人民权益，维护社会的公平正义。完善人权司法保障制度，废除劳动教养制度，健全冤假错案防止、纠正机制，多措并举，保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和被羁押人的人身权利。

 

–The Legal Guarantee for Human Rights Has Taken Important Steps. The construction of ruling by law has sped up in China. China has insisted on ruling the country by law, carrying out the Constitutional principle of “respecting and protecting human rights” through all the links of legislation, administration and judicature, and the level of human rights protection has been constantly improved. The reform of judicial system has been further deepened, the construction of a just, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system has been sped up to guarantee the people’s rights and benefits and maintain justice in the society. The system of judicial guarantee for human rights has been improved, the system of re-education through labor has been abolished, crimes seriously infringing citizens’ personal rights have been punished by law, a mechanism preventing and rectifying cases in which people are unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced has been enhanced, and many measures have been simultaneously taken to guarantee the personal rights of crime suspects, defendants and detainees.

 

全社会的人权意识不断增强。继“人权”入宪之后，尊重和保障人权又相继载入了《中国共产党章程》等重要文献之中，成为中国共产党和中国政府治国理政的一项重要原则和基本遵循。中国已制定两期“国家人权行动计划”，第二期行动计划（2012—2015年）正在有序推进，各项任务具体指标正得到有效落实。人权教育大众化、专门化取得新进展，又有5所著名大学被确定为“国家人权教育与培训基地”，目前全国已有几十所高等学校设有人权教育中心，并积极开展人权教育培训工作。

 

–The Consciousness of Human Rights Has Been Intensified in the Whole Society. After the concept of “human rights” was written into the Constitution, the idea to “respect and protect human rights” has been included into important documents such as the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, becoming an important principle and basic guideline for the CPC and the Chinese government to rule the country. China has worked out two “National Human Rights Action Plans,” and the second Action Plan (2012—2015) is being carried out in a good order. Various tasks and particular index are being effectively implemented. The popularization and specialization of human rights education have made new progresses, and five more famous universities have been named as “national human rights education and training bases.” Now, centers for human rights education have been set up in tens of universities and colleges in China, and have been active in doing work on human rights training.

 

积极参与国际人权交流与合作。中国积极参与联合国多边人权会议，参与有关人权议题的审议和讨论。2013年，中国顺利通过第二轮联合国人权理事会国别人权审查，与会大多数国家充分肯定中国人权事业取得的成就，支持中国根据本国国情促进和保护人权。同年，中国以高票当选2014年至2016年联合国人权理事会成员国。目前，中国每年与近20个国家进行人权对话和磋商，增进了彼此之间的了解。中国的发展繁荣，不仅使中国人权事业得到了更好的发展，也为推动世界人权事业发展做出了贡献。

 

–China Has Actively Taken Part in International Exchanges and Cooperation on Human Rights. China has been active in taking part in the UN’s multilateral human rights meetings, participating in review and discussion concerning the subject of human rights. Since 2013, China has smoothly gone through the second universal periodic review of the UN Human Rights Council, and most countries attending the conference have sufficiently confirmed the progress that China had made in its cause of human rights, supporting China in promoting and protecting human rights in accordance to its own national situation. In 2013, China was elected a member state of the UN Human Rights Council from 2014—2016 by huge votes. Now, China has dialogs and discussion about human rights with nearly 20 countries each year, improving the understanding between each other. China’s development and prosperity have not only brought better development to its own cause of human rights, but made contributions to the cause of human rights in the world.

 

据权威机构统计，2013年，中国对世界经济增长的贡献率接近30%，成为拉动世界经济增长的主要引擎之一。近年来，中国通过多种形式的援助，在减贫、粮食安全、贸易发展、危机预防与重建、人口发展、妇幼保健、疾病防控、教育、环境保护等领域，支持和帮助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家。今年以来，面对埃博拉病毒在西非国家的肆虐，中国派出多个公共卫生专家组赶往几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂等疫情最严重的国家，并提供大批紧急人道主义物资援助，帮助当地预防和控制疫情。自1990年首次参加联合国维和行动至今，中国已参加24项联合国维和行动，累计派出维和军事人员2.5万余人次，是联合国所有维和出兵国中派出工兵、运输合医疗等保障分队最多的国家，也是缴纳维和摊款最多的发展中国家。

 

According to statistics made by authoritative institutions, in 2013, China’s contribution rate for world economic growth was nearly 30%, and China has become one of the major engines to push forward world economic growth. For recent years, China has taken various forms of assistance to support and assist other developing countries, especially the most underdevelopment countries in the fields of poverty reduction, grain security, trading development, crisis prevention and reconstruction, population development, women and children’s healthcare, the prevention and control of diseases, education, environmental protection, and so on. This year, in the face of Ebola virus disease in Western Africa, China has sent several groups of experts in public health to countries which suffer most, including Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and provided a large number of emergency humanity materials to help the local people preventing and controlling the plague. Since its first participation in the UN peacekeeping operations in 1990, China has taken part in 24 such activities of the UN, and dispatched more 25,000 person-time peacekeeping personnel in total. Hence, China has sent more engineering, transportation and medical units than any other countries which have sent troops for the UN peacekeeping operations, and also the developing country that pays more apportioned peacekeeping funds.

 

第一，把人权的普遍性原则与本国国情相结合。世界是多向度发展的，没有放之四海而皆准的人权模式。1993年世界人权大会通过的《维也纳宣言和行动纲领》指出：“实施人权原则必须考虑国家的特性和地域的特征，以及不同的历史、文化和宗教背景”。中国古人说“橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳”，讲的也是这个道理。不同人群和国家对人权有着不同的理解和要求，面临和需要优先解决的问题也不尽相同。作为一个有13亿人口的发展中大国，中国人权事业发展始终是与中国经济社会发展相同步的，发展经济、改善民生，始终是我们解决所有问题的关键所在。

 

Firstly, the Principle of Universality of Human Rights Should Be Combined with the Particular Situation of a Certain Country. The world develops multi-dimensionally, and there is no universal mode of human rights. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action passed by the world conference on human rights in 1993 points out, “the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind.” Likewise, ancient Chinese people said, “while oranges are grown south of the Huai River, they produce oranges, but when they are planted north of the river, they yield trifoliate oranges instead.” Different people and countries have different understanding and requirements of human rights, and the problems that they face and need to solve first are not all the same, either. China is a large developing country with a population over 1.3 billion, the human rights development of China has been synchronous with its economic and social development all the time, and economic development and people’s livelihood improvement have always been the crux of all the problems. That is the fundamental reason why China has taken the rights to existence and development as the primary human rights.

 

第二，做到人权重点推进与全面发展相协调。应当看到，任何国家都不可能同时实现所有人权，只有从本国国情和实际出发，确定人权发展的重点选项，才能更好地实现人权保障。中国始终将经济社会权利作为人权保障的重点，努力解决好人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的民生问题和利益问题。努力使每一个社会成员都生活得更有尊严、更加幸福。同时，中国注重将各项人权作为相互依存、不可分割的有机整体，将人权事业与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设，以及生态文明建设协调推进。促进经济、社会、文化权利与公民权利、政治权利的协调发展，促进个人人权与集体人权的协调发展。

 

Secondly, the Emphatic Improvement and All-round Development of Human Rights Should Be Coordinated. It should be noted that no country can put into practice all human rights at the same. Human rights protection can be better performed only when people start with the national situation and reality of their own country to determine the emphasized items of human rights. China underwent heavy calamities and became weak due to poverty in modern times. It has been the greatest aspiration and pursuit of the Chinese people to shake off the backwards state and live a happy life. Therefore, China has always taken economic and social rights as a primary cut-in point for human rights protection, emphatically solving the problems of people’s livelihood and benefits that are most direct and most practical, with which the masses are most concerned. It endeavors to enable each social member to live more happily with more respect. At the same time, China pays attention to view various human rights as an interdependent and indivisible organic whole, pushes forward the cause of human rights in a coordinated way together with economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction, boosts the harmonious development of economy, society, cultural rights, citizen rights and political rights, and improve the coordinated development of individual human rights and collective human rights.

 

第三，坚持和平权与发展权的统一。和平意味着安全、稳定、和谐，发展意味着免于贫穷和疾病，发展是和平的基础，和平是发展的条件。我们始终认为，和平权与发展权如同鸟之双翼，缺一不可。对中国而言，要实现人民的发展权需要两个基本条件：一是和谐稳定的国内环境，一是和平安宁的国际环境。这两个条件，概括成一点，就是保障人民的和平权。多年来，中国坚持走和平发展道路，既有效保障了中国人民的和平权、发展权，也为促进世界各国人民的和平权、发展权作出了应有的贡献。

 

Thirdly, the Unity of Rights to Peace and Development Should Be Adhered to. Peace implies security, stability and harmony, while development means being free from poverty and disease. Development lays a foothold for peace, while peace is the very condition of development. One cannot expect a huge tree of peace in an infertile land, or the abundant fruits of development from war. China has always held that the right to peace and the right to development are just like the two wings of a bird, and that it will not do without either of them. For China, the exercise of the people’s right to development requires two basic conditions: one is a harmonious and stable domestic environment, and the other is a peaceful international situation. These two conditions just mean to guarantee the people’s right to peace, if they are generalized into one point. For years, China has adhered to the path of peaceful development, which has effectively guaranteed the Chinese people’s rights to peace and development, and meanwhile made contributions it should to the improvement of such rights of the world people.

 

第四，处理好人权发展当前与长远的关系。人权事业无止境，人权发展无穷期。人类历史反复说明，人权保障不一蹴而就。从应有人权，到法有人权，再到实有人权，必然是一个长期的历史过程。中国人权事业发展取得的进步有目共睹，但中国是一个发展中大国，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题还比较突出。在中国实现更高水平的人权保障，还需要作出不懈的努力，还有很长的路要走。中国坚持从本国国情和实际出发，既立足当前，扎实做好尊重和保障人权的各项工作，为实现人权的可持续发展打下基础，又着眼长远，不断提高人权的保障水平，努力使全体人民享有更加充分的权利。

 

Fourthly, the Relations of Human Rights Development Between the Present and the Future Should Be Handled Well. The cause of human rights is boundless, and so it is with human rights development. The history of mankind repeatedly shows that the cause of human rights protection cannot be finished at one breath. It is certainly a long historical process to develop from ought-to-be human rights to legalized human rights and finally to actual human rights. The progress that China has made in the development of its cause of human rights is visible to everyone, but China is a large developing country, and the problems of unbalance, disharmony and unsustainability in the development is still serious. In China, the realization of human rights protection at a higher level still requires more efforts, and has still a long way to go. China insists on starting with its own national situation and reality. While based on the current to do well various work on respecting and protecting human rights and lay a sound foundation for the sustainable development of human rights, it keeps a long-term perspective to constantly improve its level of human rights protection, and work hard so that all the people enjoy more sufficient rights.

 

第五，坚持人权领域国际对话与合作。中国历来认为，不同社会制度和发展水平的国家只有平等对话和务实合作才能共同推进国际人权事业的健康发展。多年来，在人权问题上中国始终主张对话，反对对抗，更反对借人权干涉别国内政。强权不符合民主原则，施压也产生不了人权文化。中国倡导各种文明之间要相互尊重，相互理解，相互学习，相互支持，世界各国应通过开展对话、交流与合作，努力推进包括人权在内的各项事业的发展进步，共同开创人类美好未来。

 

Fifthly, International Dialogues and Cooperation on Human Rights Should Be Adhered to. China has always held that only through equal dialogues and practical cooperation can countries, which are with different social systems and at different development levels, boost together the healthy development of international cause of human rights. For years, with respect to the question of human rights, China has always advocated dialogues and opposed confrontation, and yet more strongly rejected to intervene in the domestic affairs of other countries in the name of human rights. Hegemony does not accord with the principle of democracy, and pressure cannot bring about any human rights culture. China has proposed that various civilizations should respect, understand, learn from and support each other, and that all countries in the world should, through dialogues, exchanges and cooperation, endeavor to boost the development and progress of various causes, including human rights, and work together to create a rosy future of mankind.

 

女士们、先生们，朋友们，人权事业没有最好，只有更好。促进和保障人权，只有进行时没有完成时。实现充分的人权保障，我们还有许多工作要做。我们真诚希望借助北京人权论坛这个平台，中外人士能够深入交流，集众人之智，为推动中国人权事业更好的发展献计献策。谢谢大家！

 

The cause of human rights cannot be the best but the better. And human rights improvement and protection have no perfect tense but a progressive tense. For the realization of sufficient human rights protection, we still have many to do. We sincerely hope, through the Beijing Forum on Human Rights as a platform, that people both from China and other countries are able to deeply communicate and learn from each other, coming up with new ways for the better development of human rights in China.

 

Thank you, everyone!

 

来源：网络