中央广播电视总台央视记者:
CCTV:
刚才主席在介绍中提到,新疆全面贯彻实施民族区域自治制度和党的民族宗教政策,民族团结实现了历史性的进步。请问,新疆是如何推进民族团结工作的?有哪些具体措施、成效如何?谢谢。
Just now, the regional chairman said that, by comprehensively implementing regional ethnic autonomy and the Party's ethnic and religious policies, Xinjiang has seen historical progress in ethnic unity. So, how has Xinjiang promoted its ethnic unity? What are the concrete measures and results? Thank you.
雪克来提•扎克尔:
Shohrat Zakir:
关于民族政策和民族团结的问题,我作一个简单的介绍。
I will give you a brief introduction to Xinjiang's ethnic policies and ethnic unity situation.
新疆自古以来就是多民族聚居的地方,2480多万人,世居的民族有13个,新中国成立70年以来,特别是改革开放40多年以来,全中国56个民族,绝大多数民族都有人口在新疆居住,这是新疆多民族的特点。新疆贯彻党的民族政策,以宪法、法律赋予民族区域政策,是一个特别突出的工作,也是我们尤其关注的一项工作。依法贯彻民族区域自治制度,坚决落实党的各项民族政策,实现民族团结历史性进步。如何做到民族团结,有哪些举措来保障党的政策和宪法、法律赋予的民族区域自治制度呢?我们特别关注以下几点:
Xinjiang has been a multi-ethnic place since ancient times. Of 25 million people living there now, among the many ethnic groups present, 13 have resided in Xinjiang for generations. In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially over the 40-plus years since China's reform and opening-up, Xinjiang has seen people from most of China's 56 ethnic groups establishing a home here. This shows the multi-ethnic nature of Xinjiang. By implementing regional ethnic autonomy in accordance with the law, and resolutely implementing the Party's ethnic policies, Xinjiang has made historic progress in ethnic unity. How do we promote ethnic unity? What measures are implemented to fulfill the Party's policies and regional ethnic autonomy, which is enshrined in the Constitution and other laws? We pay special attention to the following points.
第一,把民族团结作为各族人民的生命线。民族团结是最重要的前提,习近平总书记跟我们讲,要像爱护自己的眼睛一样维护民族团结。党对民族团结有一系列方针政策和法律法规,保障每一个民族的平等。我们地方也出台了一系列法律法规,从法治上保障每一个民族的合法权益。在中华人民共和国这个大家庭当中,我们做到人人平等,每一个民族平等相处。
First, we see ethnic unity as the lifeline for people of all ethnic groups. Ethnic unity is the foremost prerequisite [for Xinjiang development]. General Secretary Xi Jinping has told us that we should protect ethnic unity the same way we protect our own eyes. To ensure ethnic equality, the Party has adopted a series of lines, policies, laws and regulations. Besides, Xinjiang has local laws and regulations to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of each ethnic group. We have worked to ensure that everyone is equal and all ethnic groups get along with each other on equal terms within this big family of the People's Republic of China.
第二,要推进民族区域自治制度,这是我们基本政治制度之一,各民族都要参与民族区域自治制度的贯彻落实。截至2018年,我们企事业单位中的少数民族干部已经达到42.8万人,占到新疆整个干部人数的50.3%。而且,我们也特别注重女性干部,少数民族女性干部有23.3万人,占到新疆女性干部总数的51.8%。
Second, we uphold regional ethnic autonomy. It is a basic component of China's political system. We involve every ethnic group in its implementation. By 2018, among the officials working in Xinjiang's public institutions and businesses, 428,000, or 50.3%, are from minority ethnic groups. In addition, we value the contribution of female officials. Xinjiang now has 233,000 female officials from minority ethnic groups, representing 51.8% of the feminine component.
第三,我们充分尊重和依法保护各民族使用自己的民族语言文字,发展本民族文化的权利。我们积极鼓励推广使用国家通用语言文字。新疆有多民族的语言文字报刊、杂志、媒体,保证各民族人民的需要。尊重少数民族在新疆的风俗习惯,比如说婚丧嫁娶等等涉及到生活习惯的问题。我们全力保障,按照自己的风俗习惯保持传统,民族和民族之间互相包容,互相尊重。
Third, we fully respect and protect the rights of all ethnic groups to use their own spoken and written languages and develop their own culture according to the law, while encouraging and promoting the use of China's standard spoken and written language. Xinjiang has newspapers, magazines and other media available in multiple ethnic languages to meet the needs of different groups. Besides, we respect the folk customs of minority ethnic groups, for example their wedding and funeral rites. We do our utmost to see that every ethnic group can maintain its customs and traditions, while accommodating and respecting those of other groups.
我们一直坚持开展民族团结教育活动,比如,从改革开放以来,我们一直在开展民族团结教育和宣传。这些年,随着中国国力逐步增强、脱贫攻坚作为一项重要的任务摆到议事日程,根据全面建成小康社会的需要,我们动员大量干部,一百多万干部到各地跟广大少数民族群众,特别是农牧区贫困少数民族群众结队认亲,来促进各民族之间的交往交流交融,增进各民族之间的友谊。各族人民像石榴籽一样紧紧抱在一起,这是新疆民族关系的真实写照。谢谢你的提问。
We have kept carrying out education on ethnic unity. With the gradual gain in China's national strength in recent years, it has put poverty relief on the agenda as an important task. As required by the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we have sent over one million officials to different parts of Xinjiang to bond with people of minority ethnic groups, especially those living in poor rural areas. In doing so, we hope to promote exchanges, interactions and friendships among different ethnic groups. What really happens in Xinjiang is that different ethnic groups are closely united like the seeds of a pomegranate that stick together. Thanks for your question.
阿联酋中阿卫视记者:
China Arab TV:
请问新疆维吾尔自治区政府对“一带一路”倡议有什么看法?跟阿拉伯国家有什么样的“一带一路”合作项目?
What does the Xinjiang regional government think of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)? What cooperation projects are there between Xinjiang and Arab countries under the BRI framework?
张春林:
Zhang Chunlin:
这位记者提了很好的问题。为了便于加深对这方面的了解,我借此机会介绍一下新疆在丝绸之路经济带核心区建设取得的成效和基本做法。习近平总书记提出的“一带一路”倡议,得到了世界各国的普遍赞誉。2014年,国家将新疆确定为丝绸之路经济带核心区,自治区党委、政府抓住这一难得的历史机遇,主动实践,全力推动丝绸之路经济带核心区建设,目前已经取得了阶段性成效。主要做法是:
That's a good question. In order to provide more relevant information, I would like to elaborate on Xinjiang's practices and the progress so far made in building itself as the core region of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The BRI proposed by President Xi Jinping has received worldwide acclaim. In 2014, Xinjiang was designated as the core region of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The regional Party committee and government seized the historical opportunity, took proactive measures and stepped up their efforts to promote the development of the core region. Initial success has been achieved in this regard. The major elements are as follows:
第一,坚持规划引领,推动政策沟通,自治区党委、政府先后出台了《关于推进新疆丝绸之路经济带核心区建设的实施意见》《推进新疆丝绸之路经济带核心区建设行动计划(2014-2020年)》。
First, we designed development plans to enhance policy coordination. The regional Party committee and government formulated the Guidelines on Construction of Xinjiang as the Core Region of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Action Plan to Promote Construction of Xinjiang as the Core Region of the Silk Road Economic Belt (2014-2020).
第二,我们坚持多路并举,推动基础设施互联互通。在公路建设方面,我们与周边五个国家开通了国际道路运输111条,中国到吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦的公路实现了常态化。
Second, we have persisted in building multiple transportation projects to promote infrastructure connectivity. In terms of road construction, we have opened 111 routes connecting with five surrounding countries. As a result, road transportation from China to Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan has been normalized. In terms of railways, Urumqi has been connected to the hinterland's high-speed rail network. The Hami-Ejina and Karamay-Tacheng railways have both begun operation.
在铁路方面,乌鲁木齐至内地的高铁实现了联网,哈密至额济纳铁路开通运行,克拉玛依至塔城铁路开通运行。同时我们还新建了3条铁路,库尔勒至格尔木铁路、阿勒泰至富蕴至准东铁路,和田至若羌铁路,这三条铁路加起来的在建里程2013公里。五年来新增925公里铁路,加上在建的2013公里铁路,到2022年,新疆的铁路里程将突破8000公里。在航空方面,我们新建扩建了9座机场,新疆民航机场总数已经达到21个,今年要开工3个机场,明年还要开工5个机场,到2022年,机场总数将达到30个。我们不仅开通了乌鲁木齐至周边城市的航线,而且还开通了乌鲁木齐至伊朗首都德黑兰的航线,乌鲁木齐至格鲁吉亚首都第比利斯的航线,今年6月还开通了乌鲁木齐至奥地利首都维也纳机场的航线。今年我们还开工建设了乌鲁木齐机场的改扩建工程,这项改扩建工程要新建两条跑道,扩建航站楼70万平方米。届时,乌鲁木齐机场的旅客吞吐量将由目前的2000万人次提高到4400万人次,成为中国西部和中亚地区的国际枢纽机场。
在能源方面,我们新建了哈密-郑州正负800千伏的特高压输变电工程,准东-华东的正负1100千伏的特高压直流输电工程。
在通信方面,新疆与巴基斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦等周边国家开通了17条跨境光缆,实现了信息的互联互通。
At the same time, we are building three new railways – the Korla-Golmud, Altay-Fuyun-Zhundong and Hotan-Ruoqiang lines. These three railways will add 2,013 kilometers to the growing regional network. In the past five years, a total of 925 kilometers of lines have been built, and now a further 2,013 kilometers are under construction. By 2022, the length of railways in Xinjiang will exceed 8,000 kilometers.
In terms of aviation, we have either newly built or expanded nine airports. The total number of civil aviation facilities in Xinjiang has reached 21, and three new airports will start construction this year, with another five to follow next year. By 2022, the total number of airports will reach 30. We have not only opened the air route from Urumqi to the surrounding cities, but also routes from Urumqi to the Iranian capital of Tehran, and from Urumqi to Tbilisi, capital of Georgia. In June this year, the route from Urumqi to the Austrian capital Vienna was also opened. This year, we launched the reconstruction and extension project for Urumqi Airport. This project will add two new runways and expand the terminal building by 700,000 square meters. By then, the annual passenger throughput of Urumqi Airport will increase from the current 20 million to 44 million, making it an international hub airport in western China and Central Asia.
In terms of energy, we have built the Hami-Zhengzhou ±800 kV UHVDC transmission project, and the Zhundong-East China ±1,100 kV UHVDC transformer project.
In terms of communication, 17 cross-border optical cables have been put into service in Xinjiang, connecting China with neighboring countries such as Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
第三,我们坚持互利共赢,推动贸易畅通。2014年以来,累计开行西行班列2451列,年均增长100%,其中2018年当年突破1000列大关,达到1002列,通达中亚和欧洲19个国家的26个城市。同时,我们还坚持“引进来”和“走出去”,加强国际产能合作,例如生产变压器的特变电工,在吉尔吉斯斯坦兴建了热电厂,改善了吉尔吉斯斯坦能源供应状况;新疆中泰化学集团公司,在塔吉克斯坦兴办了棉纺厂,推动了当地老百姓的就业;民营企业华凌集团在格鲁吉亚第比利斯兴办了商贸城、兴办了工业园区,成为格鲁吉亚最大的外商企业。
Third, we continued to pursue mutual benefits and promote trade. Since 2014, we have established 2,451 railway services to link western neighboring countries with an average annual growth of 100%. In 2008, a total of 1,002 railway services were launched in Xinjiang to connect 26 cities of 19 countries in Central Asia and Europe. We have given equal emphasis to "bringing in" and "going global," so as to strengthen international capacity cooperation. For example, the renovation project of a thermal power plant in Kyrgyzstan, undertaken by the Chinese company TBEA, has improved the power supply there; Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co., Ltd. opened its cotton mill in Tajikistan, providing many jobs for local people; Xinjiang Hualing Trade and Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., a private conglomerate, built a shopping mall and industrial park in Georgia and became the largest foreign enterprise there.
第四,我们坚持合作创新,推动资金融通。巴基斯坦的哈比银行在乌鲁木齐成立分行,并挂牌营业。新疆金融机构数量居西北五省之首,我们还创办了跨境人民币业务,目前同98个国家和地区开通了跨境人民币业务,有2700余家企业参与了人民币的跨境使用。
Fourth, we boosted financial cooperation and innovation. In 2016, Pakistan's Habib Bank set up a branch in Urumqi. Now, Xinjiang has the largest number of financial institutions among the five northwestern provinces. We have also launched the cross-border RMB business in 98 countries and regions, providing service to more than 2,700 companies so far.
第五,我们坚持人文交流,推动民心相通。在科技方面,新疆与科技部、中科院筹办丝绸之路经济带创新驱动发展试验区。在教育方面,我们累计招收了外国留学生1.24万人。同时,在周边6个国家建立了孔子学院10所。在医疗卫生方面,我们接待了周边国家的外籍患者2万余人次。新疆有29家医院与周边3个国家24所大型医院建立了跨境远程医疗服务平台。
Fifth, we have expanded people-to-people exchanges on a large scale. In science and technology, the Xinjiang regional government, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a pilot zone for innovation-driven development along the Silk Road Economic Belt. As for education, 12,400 foreign students have studied in Xinjiang, and 10 Confucius Institutes have been established in six neighboring countries. In medical treatment and public health, more than 20,000 foreign patients have received medical help here. A total of 29 hospitals in Xinjiang have launched cross-border telemedicine service platforms with 24 large-scale hospitals from three neighboring countries.
以上是我们推进丝绸之路经济带核心区取得的初步成效。
下一步,我们的总体思路,一是建设一港,就是把乌鲁木齐陆路港建设成丝绸之路经济带核心区的标志工程。二是抓好两区建设,就是喀什开发区、霍尔果斯开发区建设。进一步释放稳定红利,发挥19个援疆省市帮助新疆发展的优势,加强招商引资,大力兴办纺织服装、电子产品加工、商贸物流等现代。三是推进三产发展。通过外向经济的发展,促进新疆整体经济发展,实现转型升级。
Next, we will follow three general ideas: first, to build the Urumqi International Land Port as a landmark project in the core region of the Silk Road Economic Belt; second, to promote construction of the Kashgar and Horgos economic development zones. We will further release stable dividends, give full play to the advantages of the 19 provinces and cities helping Xinjiang in its development, increase investment, and vigorously develop modern industries such as textiles and apparel, electronic product processing, trade and logistics; third, to advance the development of the tertiary industry. We will promote the development of an export-oriented economy to realize transformation and upgrading, and finally achieve overall economic development.
我们还利用新疆十几个口岸优势,进一步加快口岸边境带发展,全面提高对外开放的水平。目前我们同中亚国家已经建立良好的合作关系,立足于丝绸之路经济带核心区,进一步加强同西亚、中亚乃至非洲的友好合作。最近,我们的特变电工正在同非洲的相关国家,例如安哥拉商谈电力工程建设合作事宜。谢谢。
Taking advantages of a dozen ports in Xinjiang, we have been speeding up the development of border zones in order to improve the level of opening up. At present, we have already established sound cooperation with Central Asian countries and will strengthen friendly cooperation with Western Asian and African countries. Currently, TBEA is working on cooperation plans to better serve the power construction of some African countries such as Angola. Thank you.
中央广播电视总台国广记者:
China Radio International (CRI):
我们都知道,新疆是多民族聚居地区。请问,新疆是如何保护、传承少数民族优秀传统文化的?谢谢。
As we all know, Xinjiang has been a region inhabited by multiple ethnic groups since ancient times. May I ask how Xinjiang has protected and inherited the fine traditional culture of all ethnic groups? Thank you.
雪克来提•扎克尔:
Shohrat Zakir:
这个问题请艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜副主席回答。
This question will be answered by Mr. Alken Tuniaz.
艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜:
Alken Tuniaz:
感谢这位记者朋友的提问。新疆各民族的文化始终扎根于中华文明的沃土,是中华文化不可分割的一部分。新疆历来高度重视少数民族优秀传统文化的保护和传承工作。我们主要开展的工作和取得的成效是这样的:
Thank you for your question. The culture of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang has always been deeply rooted in time-honored Chinese civilization, and is an inalienable part of Chinese culture. Xinjiang has always attached great importance to the protection and inheritance of the fine cultural traditions of all ethnic groups. Our main work and achievements are as follows.
首先,文化遗产得到有效的保护和传承。2008年,我们出台了《新疆维吾尔自治区非物质文化遗产保护条例》,2010年又颁布了《新疆维吾尔自治区木卡姆艺术保护条例》,科学系统地为保护少数民族传统文化艺术提供了制度保障。2018年,我们拥有世界级自然遗产1处,遗产地6处。国家级历史文化名城有5座,分别是喀什市、吐鲁番市、伊宁市、库车县和特克斯县。我们有国家级的文物保护单位113处,自治区级文物保护单位有642处,有182家国有单位收藏保管了可移动的文物45万余件。同时,新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术、柯尔克孜的《玛纳斯》史诗,维吾尔族麦西热甫分别列入“联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产代表作名录”和“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。新疆的各个民族都有代表性的非遗项目列入国家级和自治区级非遗名录之中。
First, cultural heritage has been effectively protected and inherited. In 2008, we published the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Then in 2010, we promulgated the Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on the Preservation of the Art of Uygur Muqam. The regulations have scientifically and systematically provided an institutional guarantee for the protection and inheritance of the traditional culture and art of all ethnic groups. By 2018, Xinjiang was identified as being home to one world-class cultural heritage site spread over six places, and five State-level historical and cultural cities, namely Kashgar, Turpan, Yining, Kuqa and Tekes. There are 113 cultural relics protection units at State level, 642 at autonomous region level, and more than 450,000 movable cultural relics collected by 182 State-owned units. At the same time, the Xinjiang Uygur Muqam, Kirgiz epic "Manas," and Uygur Meshrep were respectively included in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and the List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Requiring Urgent Protection. All ethnic groups in Xinjiang have their representative intangible cultural heritage included in either State or autonomous region-administered lists.
其次,新疆的文学艺术事业繁荣发展。新中国成立以后,民间文学、古典文学等都得到收集、整理、翻译、出版和研究,各民族作家、诗人、翻译家、表演艺术家和研究队伍迅速成长,形成一支多民族的文化艺术创作表演和研究队伍,他们很多作品都得到了国家和自治区级的奖项。
Second, literature and arts are prospering. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Xinjiang's folk and classical literature has been collected, collated, translated, published and studied. Writers, poets, translators, performing artists, and researchers coming from diversified ethnic minority origins have rapidly matured, forming a multi-ethnic literary, performing and researching contingent. Many of their works have won national and autonomous regional prizes.
再次,少数民族传统体育得到整理和保护。截至2018年,新疆发掘整理少数民族传统体育项目达到629项,其中维吾尔族的传统体育项目“达瓦孜”享誉世界,获得了7个世界吉尼斯奖。我们已经成功举办了9届少数民族传统运动会。
Third, traditional ethnic minority sports have been revived and protected. By 2018, the autonomous region had identified and revived 629 traditional ethnic minority sports. The Uygur traditional tightrope-walking known as Darwaz enjoys great repute around the world, being recognized in seven categories as Guinness world record achievements. We have successfully held eight National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meets.
最后,少数民族文字信息处理等关键核心技术水平位居全国前列。为使各少数民族共享信息化时代的成果,中国政府制定了蒙古、藏、维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜等少数民族文字编码字符集、键盘、字模等国家标准,研究开发了多种少数民族文字排版系统、智慧语音翻译系统,支持少数民族语言文字网站和新兴传播载体有序发展,不断提升少数民族语言文字的信息化能力和社会应用能力。我就介绍到这里。
Finally, Xinjiang leads the country in a number of core and key technologies, such as information processing in ethnic minority languages. To help ethnic minorities share the achievements in the era of internet and IT applications, the Chinese government has formulated national standards for coded character sets, keyboards and type matrix of ethnic languages, including Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur, Kazakh and Kirgiz. A variety of ethnic language typesetting systems and intelligent voice translation systems have been developed to support the orderly development of ethnic language websites and new media. All these efforts aim to make ethnic languages increasingly information-oriented and extensively used in the society.
凤凰卫视记者:
Phoenix TV:
有消息指,新疆的教培中心羁押了很多维吾尔族人,请问是否存在这种情况?另外,到目前为止,教培中心一共收押了多少人?能否提供一个具体数字。
Reports have alleged some vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang have detained many Uygurs. Could you verify this? How many have been held at those centers so far? Could you give us a number?
艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜:
Alken Tuniaz:
感谢这位记者所提的问题。我首先向你作个说明,关于你所提的教培中心收押了许多维吾尔族人等问题,是个别国家和媒体别有用心的颠倒是非、诬蔑抹黑,纯属是不属实的。
Thank you for your question. I can confirm to you that the reports about detaining Uygurs at the vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang are totally false allegations made by some countries and media organizations out of their ulterior motives.
有关职业教育培训中心的问题,外交部发言人、国务院新闻办发言人都已经作了详实介绍。教培中心是职业技能培训中心,是在新疆特定历史条件下依法实施探索的有效途径,这也是中国政府学习借鉴国际社会的一些成功经验和做法,响应联合国大会作出的关于联合国全球反恐战略的决议,并结合新疆的实际,把各族人民的根本利益放在首位,深入探索反恐怖主义和去极端化的深层次问题而采取的做法。我们采取打击恐怖主义和保护人权相结合、维护稳定和改善民生相结合、宽严相济和挽救相结合,不与特定的区域、民族、宗教挂钩等,实践探索中取得了成效。多数人已经成功实现了就业,有的在家门口与企业签订劳动协议,有的享受地方政府给予的鼓励创业政策,自主创业,过着幸福的生活,实现了一人就业带动全家脱贫的目标。
Spokespersons for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Council Information Office have made detailed introductions about those centers. Establishing vocational education and training centers are the implementation of the UN Global Counter-terrorism Strategy. The effort is based on the reality in Xinjiang, while drawing on the experience of other countries. The government prioritizes safeguarding the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups and aims to explore ways to address deep-seated problems in regard to counterterrorism and de-radicalization. We strive to combat terrorism while protecting human rights, maintain stability while improving standards of living, and balance compassion and severity while taking measures for rehabilitation. Moreover, our counterterrorism efforts do not target any specific region, ethnic group or religion. Achievements have been made in this process. The majority of the trainees have found jobs. Some found employment at local companies and some started their own businesses through preferential policies provided by the local government, which have contributed to poverty relief in the region.
我们教育培训中心是开放的,从去年截至到目前,全球各地来了几十批上千人的新闻媒体朋友、各国使节、专家学者、宗教人士等纷纷来到新疆,看了我们的职业教育培训中心以后,都理解支持新疆的成功经验和做法,认为这是可以学习借鉴的。截至7月26日,原来有37个国家联名致信联合国人权理事会和人权高专写信,现在又增加了13个国家,共50个国家联合致信联合国人权组织,把职业技能培训中心取得的成效说得很清楚了。你关心人数是多少,因为我们的人员是流动的,进出是动态的,现在多数已经结业,实现了就业。欢迎这位记者朋友有机会亲自到新疆去了解职业教育培训情况。谢谢。
Since last year, the centers have received dozens of visiting delegations with a total of nearly 1,000 members, including media, diplomats, experts, scholars, and religious representatives. After witnessing the operations there, they all recognize and support the successful practices they have seen and think that the practices are worth learning. By July 26, representatives from a total of 50 countries had jointly sent a letter to the UN Human Rights Council to voice their support for the practices. The letter provided a detailed introduction about the centers’ achievements. The number of the trainees is constantly fluctuating. Most of them have now completed their trainings and found employment. I also welcome you to visit the centers in Xinjiang. Thank you.
路透社记者:
Reuters:
我有两个问题。第一,关于教培中心学员数量,请问雪克来提·扎克尔主席,能不能给我们一个大概的数字?第二,有些外国的官员,包括美国国务卿蓬佩奥表示这个教培中心相关的政策是世纪的污点,请问您对此有何回应?
I have two questions. First, my question goes to Mr. Shohrat Zakir. Could you give us an approximate number about the trainees at those centers? Second, the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo has described China's policies about these centers as being the "human rights "stain of the century'." What is your comment on this?
雪克来提•扎克尔:
Shohrat Zakir:
刚才艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜副主席就香港记者提出的问题作了回答,基本上这个问题属于同一类问题。教培中心是依法依规,新疆这些年来严重暴力恐怖犯罪事件频发,特别是披着宗教外衣传播极端思想,境外企图影响中国正常生活、颠覆我们社会的、一些跑到境外去的分裂分子,我们统称为“三股势力”,在新疆制造了一系列暴力恐怖事件。
Your question is similar to the previous one from the Hong Kong journalist. The centers are established and operated in accordance with the law and regulations. In recent years, serious violent terrorist crimes frequently occurred in Xinjiang, especially those committed under the guise of religion. Terrorism, extremism and separatism, the so-called "three evil forces," have created a series of violent terrorist incidents in the region.
新疆处在亚洲地理中心,接壤8个国家,有些国家这些年受到暴力恐怖犯罪的严重伤害。我们境内的一些被极端思想感染的人企图通过暴力恐怖犯罪达到他自己的政治图谋,一些人勾结起来,我们依法依规,学习借鉴世界上反恐斗争当中一些有效的做法,对一些受感染的、被迫胁参与暴恐活动的人,或者严重受到宗教极端思想影响的人,我们认为应当最大限度挽救他,这是认识问题。如果他要是实施暴恐,杀人放火,形成犯罪事实,触犯了刑法,我们就追究他的法律责任。对在那种氛围下受到影响的人,我们尽可能教育、挽救,让他了解实际情况,提高他遵守法律法规的素养。
Geographically, Xinjiang is located at the center of Asia abutting eight countries, some of which have been suffering with violent terrorist crimes themselves. Under certain foreign separatist influences, some people try to achieve their political goals through organizing violent terrorist crimes. By learning from the effective counterterrorism practices, we want to rehabilitate those who have been influenced by religious extremism or who have been forced to join terrorist groups. For those who have violated the criminal law, we will hold them accountable. For those who have been influenced by evil forces, we will strive to educate and rehabilitate them so that they can understand and obey the laws and regulations.
还有一些人由于没有职业,没有得到很好的教育,在这种问题比较多的地方,我们建立了职业技能教育培训中心,并不是有些人说的“集中营”。职业技能教育培训中心,第一是依法办,第二是公开办,第三人的进出是动态的,今天可能有些人来了以后,经过一段时间的学习,他觉得自己认识上有提高,觉得对披着宗教外衣、散播极端思想有认识了,这些人有了真诚悔改之心。
For those who are jobless and who have not received proper education, we established vocational education and training centers. The centers are by no means "concentration camps." They are established and operated publicly in accordance with the law. The number of trainees there fluctuates. After proper education, people involved may gradually become aware of extremism under the guise of religion and feel sorry for their former misdeeds.
有些人说我现在没有一个很好的劳动就业能力,也没有劳动就业的岗位,我们帮助他采取三个方面的教育,达到一个方面的目的,我们叫“三学一去”。
Some people may say, "I am not well qualified to find a job, and there are no available positions". For such people, we offer education and training courses in three fields to achieve a final goal of employment.
第一,他要学习法律,作为一个国家的公民,首先要遵法,这是人类社会发展也是人类文明的一个最重要的标志。一个人要不守法,那这个社会可想而知会成为什么样的,要让他懂得基本的权利、责任、义务。
First, they must study the laws. As the citizen of a country, one must abide by the law. This is the most important attribute of human society and advanced civilization. If individual behavior is not restrained by the law, you can imagine what our society would turn into. Therefore, these people must learn their basic rights, responsibilities and obligations.
第二,南疆居住的维吾尔族基本上不懂国家通用语言,到外面以后就没法工作,因为他语言交流不行,所以我们让他简单地学习一些与人交流的国家通用语言的培训,便于他将来融入社会,融入他的工作单位。
Second, the Uygur people in south Xinjiang know little about the standard language of the country. They are unable to work outside their hometown because of the difficulty in communication. For these people, there are training courses covering the simple standard language. It can help them communicate with others, and make them feel part of the local community and the workplace.
第三,我们让他在这个时候知道什么叫宗教,应该怎样去信仰宗教,或者怎样保护你自己宗教信仰的合法权益,在法律保护之下,进行正常的宗教活动,宗教的真谛是什么。当然,教育培训中心里面不光有伊斯兰教的信仰群体,还有其他宗教信仰群体,要让他了解宗教的真谛。
Third, they need to learn what is religion and how to practice it. They need to learn how to protect their lawful rights concerning their religious beliefs, how to conduct normal religious activities under the protection of the law, and what is the true meaning of religion. Of course, in the vocational education and training centers, there are believers of other religions besides Islam. They must be able to learn the true meaning of religion.
最后,达到去极端化的目的,不要有人披着宗教外衣,实施极端化,他们都看不出来,完了以后到处追随,造成社会危害。危害的不仅是个人,更危害别人的生命和财产安全,危害整个社会秩序,危害国家统一和我们平安和谐的生活。
Last, the goal of eradicating extremism has to be achieved. What we have to avoid is a situation whereby some people cannot distinguish whether a person is conducting extremist activities under the pretext of practicing religion, because, then, they follow such person blindly everywhere and thus can pose a threat to our society. It will do harm not only to these individuals, but also the life and property of others. It will also harm the social order, the unification of our country, and the peaceful and harmonious life of our people.
所以,这些人是有进有出,经过努力,教育培训的人绝大多数都找到了自己觉得合适的、喜欢的工作,有了可观的收入,而且这些人现在成为社会的积极因素,还带动其他老百姓创业就业、致富奔小康,取得了非常好的效果。
The trainees can leave the vocational education and training centers at an appropriate time. After study, the majority of them can find suitable jobs that they really like, and they can earn a satisfactory living. These people have become positive social factors, and achieved remarkable success in helping others to find a job and get rich.
就像刚才艾尔肯主席介绍的,我们接待了几十个国家的各种官员,各个层面的,包括宗教界的、社会各界、政府官员、外交官、人权组织官员等等。到了新疆以后,我们让他们参观考察,任意选择,甚至到喀什、和田这样的边远地方去,跟学员交流,在一起谈感受。绝大多数国家的官员和来访人士感觉到,这在世界是一个创举,这是遏制暴力恐怖犯罪和极端主义传播的一个很好的教育方式。现在新疆社会环境和老百姓的精气神,都集中在怎样去脱贫致富,怎样去奔小康,怎样过一个幸福生活,怎样去包容各个不同的群体、不同的民族,这是一个积极的变化。我们欢迎媒体、各国官员、社会各界人士、宗教界人士,随时到新疆去看,你愿意到新疆什么地方、看哪个教培中心都行。现在很多教培中心都成为了农民学习农业技术的短期培训班,或者就业上岗之前的短期技能学习场所。
As Mr. Alken just introduced, we have received government officials, diplomats, religious figures, officials of human rights organizations and personnel of all walks of life from dozens of countries. When they arrived at Xinjiang, they were allowed to go to any place they wished, including remote areas like Kashgar and Hotan. They could talk with the trainees in the centers. Most of them felt that the center was an excellent creation, and that it could effectively curb violent terrorist acts and the spread of extremism. Today, the society and all people in Xinjiang are focused on shaking off poverty and getting rich, leading a prosperous and happy life, and keeping an inclusive attitude towards other social and ethnic groups. This is a positive change. We welcome journalists, government officials, personnel of all walks of life and religious figures from other countries to go to Xinjiang and take a look personally. You can visit any vocational education and training center anywhere you like. Many centers now are oriented to short-term training on agricultural skills or vocational skills.
艾尔肯·吐尼亚孜:
Alken Tuniaz:
我再补充一点。新疆职业技能教育培训中心在学习期间是严格按照中华人民共和国宪法和有关法律的基本原则、要求来开展工作的,充分保障学员在学习期间不受任何侵犯,严禁以任何方式对学员进行人格侮辱和虐待;充分保障人身自由,有事可以请假,定期回家;充分保障学员在日常生活中使用自己的语言和文字;充分保障、尊重少数民族的生活习惯;充分保障保护学员的宗教信仰自由,按照国务院《宗教事务条例》,在学习期间不允许开展任何宗教活动,但是他回家可以根据个人意愿,开展合法宗教活动。而且我们教培中心就跟任何一个学校一样,开展了文化体育场所,丰富了学员的业余生活内容。
Please allow me to add some points on this issue. All trainings in the vocational education and training centers in Xinjiang are carried out in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and relative laws. The legal rights of trainees should not be encroached upon. No one is allowed to abuse trainees mentally or physically through any means. The personal freedom of trainees must be protected. Trainees can take a few days off if there is a need. They are also allowed to go home regularly. Their right to use the spoken and written language of their ethnic groups must be protected. The lifestyles of their ethnic groups must be protected and respected. The freedom of religion must also be protected. According to the Regulations on Religious Affairs formulated by the State Council, trainees are not allowed to conduct religious activities during their study; however, when they return home, they can resume their religious activities freely under the law. Like any other school, these centers also have venues for cultural and sports activities for trainees to relax in their spare time.
我前不久到喀什地区,一个85岁的维吾尔族老人说了这样一个小故事,他的儿子以前不听父母亲的话,虐待他的夫人,而且迫使他的姐姐和妹妹都穿戴蒙面罩袍,什么坏事都干透。经过教培中心教育转化以后,他的国语水平能交流,而且知道了什么是合法,什么是非法,还学了一两门技能,自己在家门口就创业了,还带动了几个人。老人握着我的手说,感谢党和政府对我儿子的挽救。像这样的故事,在我们新疆太多,希望记者朋友们可以跟他们交流,了解这方面真实的变化。谢谢。
Not long ago, I went to Kashgar and heard a story from an 85-year-old Uygur man about his son who did all sorts of bad things. In the past, the man wouldn't listen to his parents, abused his wife, forced his sisters to wear full face and body coverings. However, in the vocational education and training center, he learnt the standard language, knew what is allowed by the laws, and acquired some working skills. He then started a business near his home, and even helped other people. After telling me the story, the old man held my hands and extended his gratitude to the Party and the government for saving his son. There are many stories like this in Xinjiang. I hope journalist friends can talk with local people and learn the real changes taking place in Xinjiang. Thank you.
来源:天之聪口译
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