附件二 Annex B
亚太经合组织推动全球价值链发展合作战略蓝图 APEC Strategic Blueprint for Promoting Global Value Chains Development and Cooperation
全球价值链已成为世界经济的一个显著特征。为建立更有效的全球贸易政策和管理体制，深入理解并切实支持为跨境产品带来增加值的“贸易环节”至关重要。促进亚太经合组织各经济体内部及彼此之间高效、顺畅的全球价值链联接，已成为处于不同发展阶段经济体的关注重点。 Global Value Chains (GVCs) have become a dominant feature of the global economy. Better understanding and supporting the "trading tasks" involved in adding value to the final products that cross borders has become paramount to realizing a more effective policy and regulatory infrastructure for global trade. Efficient and workable GVCs within and between each of APEC economies has accordingly become a key focus for economies at all levels of development.
鉴于每个经济体在全球贸易中所处地位和需求的多样性，我们认为非常有必要制定一个总体政策指南，推动全球价值链发展和合作进程，促进亚太地区可持续、包容和平衡的经济增长。基于各经济体的贡献，这一总体政策指南将有助于推进亚太经合组织贸易投资议程，促进亚太区域经济一体化。 Given the diverse needs and situations of APEC economies participating in global trade networks today, an overall policy direction guiding improved cooperation and a more focused GVC evolution is essential to facilitating sustainable, inclusive and balanced growth in the Asia-Pacific region. Consistent overall policy based on input from each economy is essential for moving APEC's trade and investment agenda forward, and facilitating APEC's push for regional economic integration.
2013年，亚太经合组织领导人同意在之前互联互通工作的基础上，进一步推动亚太地区全球价值链发展与合作。这一指示强调了各经济体就此开展工作并采取战略行动为全球价值链发展与合作创造有利条件的重要性。为直接落实领导人指示，亚太经合组织经济体同意制定《推动全球价值链发展合作战略蓝图》，并达成以下共识： In 2013, APEC Leaders agreed to promote GVC development and cooperation in the APEC region on the basis of previous work on connectivity. This agreement highlights the need for APEC economies to work strategically and take action in creating an enabling environment for GVC development and cooperation. In response to Leaders' instruction, APEC economies agree to develop a Strategic Blueprint for promoting global value chains development and cooperation, and agree to:
一、应对影响全球价值链发展的贸易投资壁垒。减少贸易投资壁垒将有利于经济体融入全球生产网络，在全球范围内调集资源，从而降低成本、提高效率和竞争力。亚太经合组织将在2015年提出大量有关全球价值链的倡议，讨论全球价值链的重要性、推动全球价值链发展措施及影响、经济体和企业参与全球价值链和地区经济合作。这些倡议将涵盖传统议题和下一代贸易投资议题，形成最佳案例，帮助经济体在相关领域采用贸易投资友好型措施，从而实现经济目标和政策目标，降低交易成本，推动全球价值链发展。 1. Addressing trade and investment issues that impact GVCs. Reducing trade and investment barriers will improve economies' access to global production networks and allow firms to source less expensive inputs globally, which in turn would lower costs, increase efficiency and enhance competitiveness. For 2015, APEC could launch initiatives in the areas of importance to enhancing GVCs, and study the impact of measures on the growth of GVCs, the participation of economies and businesses in GVCs, and our regional economy. These initiatives could address areas of importance ranging from well-known issues to next generation issues. APEC could then explore best practices to help economies adopt more trade and investment friendly approaches in these areas, while achieving their domestic economic or regulatory objectives, lowering trade costs, and enhancing GVCs.
二、启动亚太经合组织全球价值链数据统计合作。基于“先易后难”和“从技术统计到政策指南”的原则，我们将按“分步走”方式汇编本地账户和对外贸易统计数据，建立合适的数据分类方式以实现亚太经合组织经济体之间数据的有效联接，并与经合组织、世界贸易组织的现有贸易增加值统计数据库实现对接。我们将成立一个亚太经合组织贸易增加值统计数据中心，进行政策研究、信息交换，开发统计数据的方法，开展有针对性的能力建设项目。 2. Cooperate on improving statistics related to GVCs. In light the principles of "from easy to hard" and "moving from technical proficiencies to policy", we will take a step-by-step approach in compiling domestic account and foreign trade statistics, and developing categories harmonized to realize effective correlation of data among APEC economies that can contribute to the WTO-OECD Trade in Value-Added (TiVA) database. Without duplicating existing work at the WTO and OECD, the CTI will undertake further efforts in 2015 and future years on policy research, information exchange, developing shared approaches on statistics collection, and offering focused capacity building programs. In order to support and facilitate the work on this area, APEC should explore the establishment of an experts group on value added trade to help its member economies undertake trade policy capacity research, exchange information, develop approaches on statistics collection, and conduct focused capacity building efforts.
三、认识服务贸易在全球价值链中的关键作用。我们应继续推进现有工作，促进服务部门向更开放、高效和具有国际竞争力的方向发展，使服务业最大程度地贡献于本地区高效、有活力和可靠的供应链。我们需要开展有针对性的能力建设，帮助各经济体在全球价值链背景下认识和发展服务业创新，在经济体之间共享信息，努力消除与制造业相关的服务壁垒。各个发展阶段的经济体都应积极合作，为服务业发展创造一个开放和竞争的环境。 3. Realize the critical role of trade in service within GVCs. We shall continue ongoing work to promote open, efficient, and internationally-competitive service sectors, and maximize the contribution that services can make to strong, resilient and reliable supply chains in this region. We need to conduct targeted capacity building to help economies better understand and stimulate the development of innovative services within GVCs, build on shared information among economies. We shall work with economies at all stages of development to create an open and competitive environment for services development.
四、使发展中经济体更好地参与全球价值链。鉴于各经济体发展水平的多样性，我们认为开展全面经济技术合作有助于缩小发展差距，对确保发展中经济体深入参与全球价值链至关重要。我们应将经济技术合作融入未来发展之路，针对发展中经济体，开展有针对性的能力建设项目、全球价值链公私合作、人力资源开发以及技术传播等合作。我们将以目标为导向，突出重点，根据亚太经合组织核心议程制定并实施多年期战略规划。 4. Enable developing economies to better participate in GVCs. In light of the diversity of APEC member economies, we recognize that comprehensive economic and technical cooperation will play a key role in ensuring greater participation of developing economies in GVCs, and help them achieve their domestic economic objectives. We shall integrate economic and technical cooperation into the paths identified for future development, and further leverage cooperation activities, including targeted capacity-building programs for helping developing economies enter and move up GVCs, for example through public-private GVC collaboration partnerships, programs on human resources development, and further work in APEC on technology dissemination and commercializing creative content. We will emphasize and adopt a multi-year strategic plan based on the core agenda of APEC and employ goal-oriented, focused approaches.
五、帮助中小企业从全球价值链中获益。我们应充分考虑中小企业需求，在基础设施、供应链能力建设、技术创新、技术获得以及产品标准采用等方面提出更多倡议，根据中小企业需求制定有针对性的发展战略。逐步提高中小企业的经营能力将改善其参与全球价值链的状况。为了实现这一目标，亚太经合组织需要加强信息与通讯技术的使用，帮助中小企业更快捷地获取贸易和投资信息；加强知识产权保护；提供帮助中小企业融入价值链的技术和进程相关信息。同时，亚太经合组织还应积极构建开放透明的商业环境，促进中小企业与跨国公司联系合作。 5. Assist SMEs to benefit from GVCs. We shall develop and implement initiatives to assist our SMEs in the areas that matter most to GVCs: infrastructure, supply chain connectivity, innovation, skills, and adoption of international standards. We will take steps to enhance capacity building activities and raise their understanding of how to participate in GVCs. APEC shall achieve this by facilitating SME access to trade and investment related information via increased utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs), enhancing intellectual property protection, and providing further information on tools and processes that would help them enter and move up GVCs. APEC should also foster linkages between SMEs and MNEs by helping our economies build an open and transparent regulatory and investment climates.
六、改善投资环境。实施和维护促进投资的法律、法规及活动具有重要意义。因此，我们重申继续改善亚太地区投资环境的重要性，包括根据亚太经合组织现有投资承诺采取具体行动以便利投资，这些承诺包括《亚太经合组织非约束性投资原则》、《亚太经合组织投资战略》、《投资便利化行动计划》等。同时，我们将采取具体措施促进投资，确保本地区所有投资申请都得到迅速、公平和公正处理，创建并保持透明、健全的管理程序。 6. Improve the investment climate for GVCs Development. We recognize the importance of adopting and maintaining laws, regulations, and practices that facilitate investment. We reaffirm the importance of continued efforts to improve the investment climate in the APEC region, including through taking concrete steps to facilitate investment as per existing APEC investment documents, such as the APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles, the APEC Investment Strategy and the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan (IFAP). APEC will help economies 1) implement sound investment strategies which deal with investment applications expeditiously, fairly, and equitably; and 2) facilitate investment through creating and maintaining transparent and sound administration procedures that apply for the lifetime of the investment.
七、采取有效的贸易便利化措施。我们重申到2015年实现亚太地区供应链绩效提高10%的承诺，削减交易时间、成本和不确定性。因此，我们将继续开展系统能力建设来打通供应链联通的阻塞点，同时开展其他具体活动，包括建立亚太经合组织供应链联盟，促进绿色供应链合作。我们欢迎通过《亚太经合组织海关监管互认、执法互助、信息互换战略框架》倡议来促进供应链联通。我们还将推进示范电子口岸计划, 分享信息通信技术基础设施发展和便利化措施的最佳范例。同时，我们重申将遵守承诺，执行世界贸易组织的《贸易便利化协定》并鼓励亚太经合组织做出更大贡献。 7. Adopt effective trade facilitation measures. We reaffirm our commitment to achieving an APEC-wide target of a ten percent improvement in supply-chain performance by 2015, in terms of reductions in the time, cost, and uncertainty of moving goods and services throughout the region. Accordingly we will further advance a capacity building program to address the identified supply chain connectivity (SCC) chokepoints and improve the performance of supply chains. To this end, we will carry out additional concrete actions, including the establishment of an APEC Supply Chain Alliance and promoting cooperation on green supply chains. We welcome the framework for advancing supply chain connectivity through mutual recognition of control, mutual assistance of enforcement and mutual sharing of information (SCC-3M) among customs agencies and other government agencies related to trade, and will advance the Model E-port Initiative. We will also share best practices of ICT infrastructure development and efficient trade facilitation measures. We also reaffirm our commitment to implement the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation and encourage greater contribution by APEC.
八、增强全球价值链的韧性。跨境合作、公私合作以及亚太经合组织各经济体之间的共同努力，对应对全球价值链系统性风险带来的挑战至关重要。经济体应当通力合作，开展地区价值链定量研究和分析，提升跨境价值链韧性，建立更加安全可靠的价值链体系。基于这些研究，亚太经合组织可以进一步探讨在政策协调和能力建设方面开展合作的可能性。 8. Enhance resiliency of GVCs. APEC shall make a collaborative effort to enhance cross-border value chain resilience in the region, establish more secure value chains, and conduct quantitative value chain research and analysis in the region. APEC may also carry out discussions of potential cooperation in the development of practical policy, and capacity building projects based on these analyses.
九、鼓励公私合作促进全球价值链发展。亚太经合组织应继续有效利用《亚太经合组织公私合作指南》，鼓励部门领域的公私合作，在业已批准的工作框架下，加强区域内基础设施投资。亚太经合组织还应提高各利益相关方的信任和共识，促进各经济体公私部门之间的互动。 9. Encourage public-private partnerships for GVCs. APEC shall continue to make good use of the Public-Private Partnership Guidebook as a tool to encourage sector level partnerships for investment in regional value chains infrastructure and capacity within a high-quality institutional and regulatory framework. APEC shall also enhance trust and shared understanding between participants to foster interaction between private and public sectors across APEC economies.
十、加强与其他利益相关方关于全球价值链的合作。亚太经合组织应促进与国际组织和伙伴机构间的合作, 如世界贸易组织、联合国贸易和发展会议、经合组织、二十国集团、世界银行、国际货币基金组织和亚洲开发银行等。通过技术援助和能力建设，促进亚太经合组织与上述组织在全球价值链政策制定方面的协同作用。此外, 鼓励促进全球价值链发展的政府间合作以及非政府组织的活动。 10. Strengthen collaboration with other stakeholders on GVCs. APEC shall promote collaboration with international organizations and partner institutions, such as the WTO, UNCTAD, OECD, G20, the World Bank, IMF and ADB to enhance synergies in policy making with regard to GVCs through technical assistance and capacity-building. Further, inter-governmental cooperation and NGO promotion of activities in GVCs are also encouraged.
开展这一蓝图中的各项活动，对于加强亚太经合组织经济体在全球网络中的经济纽带关系，确保亚太地区经济活力，确保经济包容增长，确保各成员紧密经济联系都具有至关重要作用。我们相信，亚太人民应该从全球价值链发展中平等获益，全球价值链是共建面向未来的亚太伙伴关系的重要力量。我们有决心证明亚太经合组织在促进全球价值链发展合作方面的引领作用，并将在本蓝图获得批准之后立即开展全方位合作。 Conducting activities contained within this strategic blueprint will be essential to strengthening our mutual economic ties in the global network, and to ensuring our regional economy is resilient, our growth is inclusive, and our economies become ever more connected. We believe that our people should secure equitable benefit from GVC development and that this is key to shaping a sound future through our Asia-Pacific partnership. We are determined to demonstrate APEC's leadership in fostering further GVC development and will immediately begin with concerted efforts upon the approval of this Blue print that is being proposed.

来源：中国网 日期：2014年11月21日

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