崔天凯大使在中美安全合作国际会议上的主旨演讲
Keynote Speech by Ambassador Cui Tiankai at the International Conference on China-US Cooperation in Global Security Affairs
2015年4月16日，华盛顿
April 16, 2015. Washington D.C.
各位早上好，非常高兴出席此次会议，与新老朋友见面。我今天来这里还有两个原因。一是呼应基辛格博士，每当他对中美关系发表看法时我都应在场做出回应。二是为了表示对两国智库间交往的支持和赞赏。中美关系非常重要，除了政府间的联系，我们还需要公众的参与和两国智库的智慧。
Good morning everybody, I am very happy to be here and very happy to see some old friends and get acquaintance with new friends. I am here for two additional reasons. First, to follow the good example of Dr. Henry Kissinger. Wherever he is to share his versions about this important China-US relationship, I should be here to echo. Second, to express my appreciation and support to think tank exchanges between our two countries, China-US relation is so important. In addition to government-government ties, we should have support and participation of the general public and intellectual input from think tanks of our two countries.
感谢吴士存院长发起了这次重要的会议，今天的讨论非常重要。世界正在经历复杂深刻的变化，传统和非传统的安全挑战不断增多。一些地区冲突久拖不决，地缘政治矛盾抬头，令人忧心。此外，我们还面临国际恐怖主义和极端主义势力抬头、民族教派冲突蔓延的威胁。广义地来看，我们还需要应对跨国犯罪、气候变化、网络安全、能源安全、食品安全、自然灾害、传染性疾病等各种安全挑战。
Thank you President Wu for initiating this important conference. And the theme of the discussion today is of pressing importance. The world is undergoing profound changes and confronting with growing number of security challenges. Old and new, traditional and non- traditional, we still have quite a few long lasting regional conflicts and resurgence of geo-politics, which is truly worrisome. We are also facing with the rise of international terrorism, extremism, proliferation and mounting ethnical and sectoral conflicts. And in a broader sense, we are confronted with security challenges such as cross border crimes, climate changes, cyber security, energy security, food security, natural disasters and infectious diseases.
中美两国分别是最大的发展中国家和发达国家，世界上两个最大的经济体。两国都与世界各国联系紧密。我们都需要有效的国际秩序、健康运作的全球市场和稳定的国际局势。中美两国在应对这些安全挑战方面拥有共同利益。
China and the United States are respectively the biggest developing and developed countries. We are the two largest economies. Each has intensive ties with the rest of the world. We both need effective international order, a normal function of global market and stability in the world. We have common interests in addressing those security challenges together.
中美两国还是联合国安理会常任理事国，在现有国际秩序中扮演重要角色。因此，两国与其他国家共同负有维护世界和平稳定，使世界更加安全的责任。中美关系对全球稳定至关重要。
At the same time, both of our countries are permanent members of United Nations Security Council. We are important players in existing international order. So we have shared responsibilities together with other countries to maintain international peace and stability, and bring out a safe and secure world. Relations between the United States and China are key to global stability.
我们欣喜地看到，两国在双边、地区和全球安全事务上的沟通与协调正在不断加深，为我们共同构建新型大国关系添砖加瓦。上述这些议题都是两国高层交往，特别是元首会晤的重要议题。同时，中美两国还拥有高效的双边协调与合作机制，比如战略与经济对话、战略安全对话。美国国土安全部长约翰逊先生刚刚成功结束了对中国的访问，访问成果丰硕。中美两军之间也通过建立信任措施加强互动，包括高层对话和更多的联演联训。在反恐、核不扩散、阿富汗、南苏丹等地区热点问题上，两国在双边和多边层面保持着合作。同时，在应对全球性的挑战，如气候变化、能源和粮食安全、防灾减灾、疾病防控方面，两国也在共同努力。
It is encouraging to note that communications and coordination between our two countries on security issues, bilateral, regional and global, are making steady progress and becoming important building blocks for new model of major country relationship that we are developing. These issues are high on the agenda of high level exchanges, especially meetings between the two Presidents. We also have effective bilateral mechanism for coordination and cooperation, such as Strategic and Economic Dialogue, Strategic and Security Dialogue. Secretary Johnson of Homeland Security Department has just concluded a successful and fruitful visit to China. And two militaries are also enhancing their interaction through confidence building measures, high-level dialogues and more joint exercises and trainings, We are working together both bilaterally and multilaterally on anti-terrorism, non-proliferation, and regional issues such as Afghanistan and South Sudan. We are also working together on global challenges such as climate change and energy, food security, relief and prevention of natural disasters and prevention of disease as Ebola.
今年是二战胜利70周年。中美两国正在共同努力，维护和改革现行国际体系，为人类创造更安全的环境。
This year marks the 70 anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Our countries are also working together, along with other countries to maintain and reform the international order and bring about better security of mankind.
我们应该为过去的成就感到骄傲。但是，与共同应对国际安全挑战的需要、责任和潜力相比，我们做的还远远不够。我们需要做得更多、更好。我想，这其中的关键是我们的思维和观念。
We should be proud of what we have achieved. However, measured against the needs to respond to changing situation of mounting challenges, measured against our responsibilities to cooperate on these issues and the real potential for such cooperation, what we have already achieved is clearly not sufficient. We have to do more and much better. I think the key is our mentalities and perceptions.
我们是要适应21世纪的新形势，还是认为世界应该像19世纪和20世纪初那样治理？
Do we have ourselves on the new realities of the 21st century, or do we still believe that the world should be run in the same way as the 19th century or the early part of the 20th century?
我们是寻求合作共赢，还是继续在零和游戏中博弈？
Do we seek win-win cooperation among countries, or do we still play a zero-sum game?
我们是要倡导共同、全面、合作、可持续的新安全观，还是通过牺牲他人的利益寻求绝对安全？
Do we advocate a new concept for security that stands for common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, or do we try to achieve one’s own absolute security at the expense of others?
我们是通过具有广泛基础的伙伴关系共同合作，有效地应对涉及共同利益的全球事务，还是仍然固守狭隘的冷战式同盟，最后反而束缚了我们的视野和选择，让世界变得支离破碎，更不安全？
Do we work together to build broad-based partnerships that will enable us to effectively confront the global issues for common interest, or do we still keep a narrow focus on Cold War type of alliances that actually restrict the vision, reduce the choices and will render the world more divided and less secure?
每一个国家都要做出选择，我们的抉择将决定我们的未来。
These are the choices we all have to make, and our choices will determine our future.
中国的选择是明确的。我们会继续走和平发展的道路，奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。虽然中国仍是全球最大的发展中国家，肩负着国内改革和发展的重任，但是我们非常清楚自己的国际责任和国际社会对我们的期待。不断发展的中国将为世界和平、安全、发展、繁荣做出更大贡献。
For China, the choice is clear, we will continue to pursue the path of peaceful development and the independent foreign policy of peace. Although China is still the world’s largest developing country and faced with tremendous tasks of reform and development at home, we are keenly aware of our international responsibilities and expectation of international community. We will make even greater contributions to global peace, security, development and prosperity as our own country continues to grow.
在中美关系方面，中国坚定致力于同美国共同构建不冲突不对抗、互相尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系。我们希望美国也能做出同样正确的决定，不再被毫无根据的忧虑、怀疑、恐惧束缚手脚，而是与我们一起共同努力。中美两国必须顺应时代潮流，维护两国人民的福祉和利益，努力让世界更美好、更安全。这是我们唯一正确的选择。
As for relations with the US, we remain firmly committed to building a new model of relationship with the US which is characterized by no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. And indeed, we hope that America will make the same right choice, break the constraints of unfounded worries, suspicions and fears, and join us in this common endeavor. Actually, there is no real alternative to this. Our two countries have to be on the right side of history together in order to safeguard the well-being and interests of our peoples and help make the world a better and safer place for all.
当前，只要一谈到安全，海洋安全往往是重点讨论的议题之一。我想借此机会与大家分享一下我在这个问题上的看法，重点谈谈南海问题。
Nowadays, whatever discussion on security matters are held, maritime security is most often among the priorities. Let me take this opportunity to share with you my own views on this issue, particularly situations on South China Sea.
首先，中国在领土主权方面的立场是明确的、一贯的。这一立场在过去几十年里从未改变，将来也不会改变。我想各位对此不应感到惊讶。我们坚定捍卫自身主权和海洋权益。同时，在处理争议时，我们最大限度地保持了克制。要求中国放弃合法权益，屈从某些方面的无理要求是完全不公平的。任何人不要幻想可以将单方面的所谓“现状”强加给中国，也不要幻想可以不断侵犯中国的主权而不承担任何后果。
First, China’s position regarding its territorial sovereignty is clear and consistent over many decades. Its position has not changed and will not change. This should be no surprise to anyone. While we are determined to safeguard our sovereign and maritime rights, we also exercise best restraint in handling disputes with others. We will continue to do so. It would be totally unfair, however, to ask China to give up its legitimate rights and give in to the unjustifiable demands of certain parties. Let there be no illusion that anyone could impose on China a unilateral “status quo”. And let there be no illusion that anyone could repeatedly violate China’s sovereignty without consequences.
第二，中国致力于通过外交对话和谈判和平解决南海争议。中国在南海问题上与东盟国家共同提出了“双轨”思路，即领土争议应由直接当事国在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上通过谈判和协商解决，南海和平稳定由中国和东盟国家共同维护。这一思路符合国际法准则和相关国际实践，得到了绝大部分东盟国家的支持。
Second, China stands for peaceful settlement of disputes through diplomatic dialogue and negotiations. Together with ASEAN countries, China has proposed a “dual-track approach” on the issue of South China Sea, i.e. negotiation and consultation on territorial disputes between countries directly concerned on the basis of respect for historical facts and international law, and joint efforts by China and ASEAN countries to maintain peace and stability in the region. This approach is in line with norms of international law and relevant international practices and is supported by the overwhelming majority of ASEAN members.
目前，中国与东盟国家正在就达成《南海行为准则》进行协商。中国、印度尼西亚、泰国和马来西亚已经开展了各种形式的海洋合作。中国-东盟海上合作基金、中国-印度尼西亚海上合作基金下的各类项目正在顺利进行。中国与东盟国家还将2015年确定为海上合作年，并开展了一系列相关活动。
There is now ongoing consultation among China and ASEAN countries to formulate a code of conduct in the South China Sea. China, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia are engaged in maritime cooperation in a variety of areas. Projects funded by China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund and China-Indonesia Maritime Cooperation Fund are being implemented effectively. China and ASEAN have also designated 2015 as the year for maritime cooperation and launched an extensive program of activities.
必须明确的是，中国和东盟国家在维护地区整体繁荣稳定方面拥有广泛的共同利益，将我们团结在一起的纽带远强于我们之间可能的分歧。中国和东盟国家是实实在在的命运共同体，有了这一坚实基础，我们能够找到解决现存争议的合适方案。我对此深信不疑。
It must be pointed out that China and ASEAN countries share much larger common interests in overall regional stability and prosperity. The bonds that unite us are much stronger and longer-lasting than any possible difference between us. Indeed, China and ASEAN countries belong to the same community of common destiny. On that solid basis, we are able to work out proper solutions to existing disputes. I am confident of that.
第三，最近有些媒体报道了中国在南沙的一些岛礁上进行维护和建设作业。你们可能也注意到了中国外交部发言人的表态。我愿再次重申，有关建设完全是中国主权范围内的事情，不针对也不会影响任何其他国家，其目的是为了完善岛礁的相关功能，以便为中国、邻国和其它国家过往船只提供服务，比如避风、助航、搜救、海洋气象观测预报、渔业服务等。同时，我们也强调海洋环境保护。
Third, there have been some media reports recently about maintenance and construction work that China is carrying out on some of the Nansha islands and reefs. You may also have noticed the briefing given by the spokesperson of China’s Foreign Ministry. Let me reiterate here that such work is well within China’s sovereignty. It does not impact or target any other country. The main purpose is to improve the functions of facilities there so as to provide services to ships of China, neighboring countries and other countries that sail across the South China Sea. Such services will include shelter for ships, navigation aid, search and rescue, marine meteorological observation, fishery service and many others. Emphasis will also be put on marine environment protection.
当然，岛礁上肯定会有军事设施。这些设施都是防御性的，这很正常，也很必要。如果这些岛礁设施连自卫的能力都没有，如何为其它方面提供服务？如果中国不能维护自己的主权，如何更多承担维护国际局势稳定的责任？因此，中国加强在南海的能力建设为各方提供了公共产品，同时也有助于维护南海的安全、稳定和航行自由。
Of course there will be defense facilities. This is only natural and necessary and they are purely for defensive purposes. If these facilities could not even defend themselves, how can they render service to others? If China could not safeguard its own sovereignty, how can it shoulder greater responsibilities for international stability? Therefore, building-up of China’s capabilities in the South China Sea provides public goods to all and serves the interests of maintaining security, stability and freedom of navigation there.
最后，以上我谈到的这些应放在中国外交和国防政策的大框架中去理解。中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策和防御性的国防政策，这是由我们的目标和利益、文化传统、我们坚持走和平发展道路的决心决定的。中国一直是国际合作的积极倡导者，世界和平的坚定支持者。事实证明，中国越强大，就越能更好地承担国际责任，为地区和全球的稳定作贡献。看清了这一点，就能更好地理解中国到底想要什么，正在做什么，任何与我们一样致力于地区共同体建设的国家根本无需担忧。同时，我们也希望与世界各国，尤其是美国更好地开展合作。
Last but not least, all these must be seen and understood in the context of China’s foreign policy and defense policy. China has an independent foreign policy of peace and a defense policy that is defensive in nature. They are dictated by our national goals and interests, our cultural heritage and our determination to pursue the path of peaceful development. China has long been a strong advocate for international cooperation and a staunch force for world peace. Facts show that as China grows stronger, it is better able to take up greater international responsibilities and contribute more to regional and global stability. A clear understanding of this big picture will lead to a good understanding of what China really wants and what China is doing in the region. Anyone who shares our commitment to community building in the region shall have nothing to worry about. We also seek cooperation with other countries, particularly with the United States.
在问答环节，崔大使应询表示，中国是第一批加入并批准《联合国海洋法公约》的国家。我们认真对待自己的国际义务。我们欢迎更多的国家加入公约，包括美国。有两点必须明确。第一，公约的初衷并不是为了解决领土争端问题，这在公约序言中有明确阐述；第二，公约并未赋予任何国家在别国专属经济区内进行高强度抵近侦察的权利。
At the Q&A session, Ambassador Cui answered a question on United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). He said, China is one of the first countries to join and ratify the UNCLOS and we take our international obligations very seriously. Of course, we welcome more countries to join us including the United States. There are two things we have to make clear. First, the Convention is not intended to resolve territorial issues. This is quite clear in the preamble of the Convention itself. Second, the Convention does not give anyone the right to conduct intensive, close-range reconnaissance activities in other countries’ Exclusive Economic Zone.
来源：中国驻美国大使馆
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