维护《宪章》权威，共促合作共赢
Uphold the Authority of the UN Charter and Promote Win-Win Cooperation
——刘振民副部长在“《联合国宪章》与战后国际秩序”国际研讨会上的主旨演讲
– Keynote Address by H.E. LIU Zhenmin, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, at the International Colloquium on the Charter of the United Nations and Post-War International Order
2015年4月14日，北京钓鱼台国宾馆
Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, 14 April 2015
尊敬的各位来宾、各位同事、各位朋友，
女士们，先生们：
Distinguished Guests,
Dear Colleagues and Friends,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
首先，我谨代表中国外交部，对大家出席这次国际研讨会表示热烈欢迎！
First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, I would like to extend my warm welcome to you all for your participation in this colloquium. It is a great honor for my Ministry to co-sponsor this Colloquium. And it is also a great honor for me to share with you some of thoughts on the issue.
今年是第二次世界大战胜利和联合国成立70周年。70年前，正义的世界人民，经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，付出了巨大牺牲，粉碎了法西斯和军国主义的邪恶势力，赢得了二战的伟大胜利。联合国应运而生，翻开了人类团结和历史进步的新篇章。《联合国宪章》自诞生之日起，就承载着人类的美好愿景，至今已成功驶过70年的风雨历程，其所确立的宗旨和原则，一如高山仰止，为各国所遵行。
The year 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of World War II and the founding of the United Nations. Seventy years ago, after years of fighting in the tough battles and making huge sacrifice to crush the evil forces of fascism and militarism, the righteous people of the world won the great victory of World War II.
The UN was born, thus opening a new chapter in the history of mankind. Since then, the UN Charter, which embodies mankind’s aspirations for a better world, has endured changing international circumstances for the past 70 years, and its purposes and principles continue to command the high esteem and compliance of all countries.
在《宪章》的规范和引领下，世界保持了70年的总体和平，亚非拉人民获得独立解放，各国经济社会不断发展，一系列争端获得和平解决，国际关系民主化和法治化渐入人心。对推动人类历史进步，《宪章》功不可没。
Guided by the norms set forth in the UN Charter, the world has maintained overall peace for 70 years. People in Asia, Africa and Latin America won independence and liberation; countries around the world achieved economic and social development; peaceful settlement of disputes has been generally observed; and the rule of law in international relations have gained greater public support. The UN Charter deserves much credit for advancing such human progress. In my humble view, the UN Charter has played an irreplaceable role in international relations.
《宪章》建立了以联合国为核心的多边主义国际秩序。《宪章》首次以各国普遍接受的国际法律形式，将反对战争的胜利成果固化下来，宣示了国际社会消弭战祸、永保和平的坚定信念，明确了维护主权、捍卫和平、保障人权、谋求发展的共同目标，形成了以主权国家、联合国及其专门机构和区域组织为主要参与方的战后国际体系，也为广大亚非拉国家逐步走向国际舞台、平等参与国际事务奠定了坚实的法律基础。
First, the Charter established a multilateral international order with the UN at its core. It is for the first time in history that the international law against war was codified into a universally accepted instrument, i.e. the UN Charter. It demonstrated the firm resolve of the international community to eliminate war and preserve peace, identified the common objectives of safeguarding sovereignty, peace and human rights and seeking development, and put in place a post-war international order with sovereign states, the UN and its specialized agencies, and regional organizations as the main participants. It also provided solid legal ground for countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America to gradually enter the international arena and participate in international affairs on an equal footing.
《宪章》确立了以安理会为核心的集体安全机制。《宪章》规定了联合国会员国以及各主要机关的权利、义务与责任，特别是联合国将维护国际和平与安全的首要职责赋予安理会，使之有权促请当事国以和平方式解决争端，调查有关情势并对威胁和破坏国际和平与安全以及侵略之行为采取执行措施等，从而形成了以安理会为核心的集体安全机制，取代军事结盟、弱肉强食的丛林法则，将滥用武力关进了制度的笼子，对于实现战后70年的总体和平，对于有效管控局部冲突，均发挥了不可替代的作用。
Second, the Charter set up a collective security mechanism with the Security Council at its core. The Charter sets forth the rights, obligations and responsibilities of UN member states and its main organs. In particular, the Charterentrusts to the Security Council the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, giving the Council the mandate to call upon countries concerned to settle disputes peacefully, investigate into relevant situations and take enforcement measures against acts of aggression or those that threaten or undermine international peace and security. This formed a collective security mechanism with the Security Council at its core, which replaced military alliances and the law of the jungle, put the arbitrary use of force under institutional check. Though the performance of the Council has not been perfect, it has played an irreplaceable role in maintaining overall peace and effectively managing regional conflicts over the past 70 years since World War II.
《宪章》形成了战后国际关系的基本行为规范。《宪章》规定的主权平等、不干涉内政、和平解决争端、不使用武力、善意履行国际义务等基本原则，为国际社会提供了衡量国家行为的准则，成为评判各国行为合法与否、正义与否的标尺。这些原则也是国家间进行交往、开展合作的规范，获得各国广泛认同和普遍遵循。《宪章》确立的国际法基本原则构成国际法的基础，在整个国际法律规范体系中处于优先适用的地位。
Third, the Charter offered a basic code of conduct for post-war international relations. The basic principles enshrined in the Charter such as sovereign equality, non-interference in internal affairs, peaceful settlement of dispute, no use of force and fulfilling international obligations in good faith have become the code of conduct for countries and the yardstick for the international community to judge whether the actions taken by a country are legal and just. These principles have also become the norms governing exchanges and cooperation between countries and are widely recognized and followed. The basic principles of international law established by the Charter constitute the foundation of international law and enjoy precedence in application in the overall system of international law and norms.
《宪章》确认了现代人类社会的共同价值理念。《宪章》开宗明义，以“我们联合国人民”的名义立约定章，确认了国家不分大小主权平等、人民平等权利和自决权，要求各国尊重、保护和促进全体人类的人权、人格尊严和基本自由，彰显了平等、自由、公平、正义的精神价值。二战结束以来，在《宪章》确立的集体和个体人权旗帜的引领下，殖民地人民纷纷赢得解放，各国人权事业阔步前进。
Fourth, the Charter reaffirmed the common values and aspirations of mankind in contemporary times. From the very beginning, the Charter made it clear in the Preamble that it was written in the name of “we the peoples of the United Nations”. It established the principles of sovereign equality of nations large and small, and the equal rights and self-determination of peoples, called on countries to respect, protect and promote the human rights, dignity and fundamental freedoms for all and encapsulated the spirit of equality, freedom, fairness and justice. Inspired by the notions of collective and individual human rights established in the Charter, people under colonial rule gained independence one after another since the end of World War II and countries around the world have made strides in advancing human rights.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中国是战后国际秩序和国际法治的坚定维护者。我们珍爱和平，崇尚法治，在重大国际和地区问题上秉持正义，仗义执言，坚定捍卫以《联合国宪章》为核心的国际法基本原则和国际关系基本准则。迄今，中国已缔结了23000多项双边条约。在1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立后的22年里，新中国在联合国的合法席位曾经被剥夺。但中国政府依然高度重视履行国际义务。为了更好履行国际人道主义义务，中国毅然决然加入了“日内瓦四公约”等国际条约。自1971年第26届联大通过著名的第2758号决议恢复中华人民共和国在联合国及其所属一切机构的合法席位以来，中国加入了400多项多边条约，加入了所有联合国专门机构和绝大多数全球性政府间国际组织，按照“条约必须信守”原则，不折不扣地履行条约义务，承担国际责任。中国已经全面融入当代国际秩序。
China firmly upholds the post-war international order and international rule of law. We cherish peace and the rule of law, always uphold and speak up for justice on major regional and international issues, and resolutely safeguard the basic principles of international law with the UN Charter at its core and the basic norms governing international relations. So far, China has signed more than 23,000 bilateral treaties. In the 22 years following the founding of the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949, it was deprived of its lawful seat at the UN. Nevertheless, the Chinese government attached great importance to fulfilling its international obligations. To better honor international humanitarian obligations, China made the resolute decision to join international treaties such as the four Geneva Conventions. After the adoption of Resolution 2758 at the 26th General Assembly in 1971, which restored the lawful seat of the People’s Republic of China in the UN and all the related agencies or organizations, China has acceded to over 400 multilateral treaties and joined all the specialized agencies of the UN and most of the inter-governmental organizations in the world. Following the principle of “pacta sunt servanda”, China has honored its treaty obligations to the letter and shouldered its international responsibilities. It has fully integrated itself into the contemporary international order.
中国是战后国际秩序和国际法治的积极建设者。上世纪五十年代，中国和印度、缅甸共同提出和平共处五项原则，与亚非国家一道倡导“万隆会议十项原则”，均集中体现了《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则。七十年代，中国恢复联合国合法席位后提出“三个世界”的理论，与全世界人民联合起来反对霸权主义。九十年代初，中国提出了建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序的主张。进入新世纪后，中国主张推动建立“和谐世界”。最近，中国国家主席习近平提出了构建人类命运共同体和构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系的理念，这些都是对《宪章》精神的继承与发展，为国际法治贡献了新的价值目标。
China actively contributes to the development of post-war international order and international rule of law. In the 1950s, China put forward the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence together with India and Myanmar, and championed the “Ten Principles of Bandung” with Asian and African countries, both of which gave expression to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. In the 1970s after the restoration of its lawful seat in the UN, China introduced the theory of “three worlds” and stood together with people from around the world to reject hegemony. In the 1990s, China called for the establishment of a fair and equitable new international political and economic order. Entering the 21st century, China advocated the building of a “harmonious world”. Recently, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the idea of a community of common destiny for mankind as a whole and a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. All these constitute a continuation and development of the Charter spirit and give new vision to international rule of law.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
今年，站在70周年这个具有历史纪念意义的时间节点上，我们一方面要珍惜以往在和平、安全与发展方面取得的成绩，另一方面也要对面临的挑战有清醒的认识，对建设什么样的国际秩序有更多的思考和期待。
This year is of special historic significance, as it marks the 70th anniversary of the UN Charter. We should therefore cherish what has been achieved in peace, security and development. We should also be mindful of the challenges we face, and think about what kind of international order we need and want to build.
当前，世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展，国与国之间的相互联系、相互依存日益紧密，各国利益交融的广度和深度前所未有，越来越形成你中有我、我中有你、安危与共的命运共同体。和平、发展、合作、共赢成为时代的潮流。
In today’s world, the trend towards a multi-polar world and economic globalization is gaining momentum. As countries become much inter-connected and inter-dependent, they have seen their interests intertwined more closely than ever before and have increasingly become a community of shared destiny. Peace, development and win-win cooperation are the prevailing trend of the times.
同时，世界仍面临诸多难题和挑战。霸权主义、强权政治和形形色色的“新干涉主义”仍甚嚣尘上，恐怖主义、网络安全、粮食安全和气候变化等全球性问题层出不穷，发展不平衡导致的财富鸿沟、数字鸿沟日益扩大，全球经济增长动力仍然不足。一些无视二战历史教训、为侵略翻案、为罪行开脱的言行依然存在，违背《宪章》基本准则的行为时有发生。这些问题长期困扰甚至威胁世界的和平、稳定与发展。
At the same time, this world still faces multiple challenges and difficulties. Hegemonism, power politics and different forms of “neo-interventionism” are still rampant. Global issues such as terrorism, cyber security, food security and climate change keep surfacing. Wealth gap and digital divide caused by development imbalance is widening, and the momentum for global economic growth remains weak. There are still some people who choose to ignore the lessons of World War II or try to gloss over crimes and acts of aggression. Violation of the basic norms of the UN Charter happens from time to time. These problems have long been disturbing or even threatening peace, stability and development of the world.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
在国际格局深刻调整、机遇与挑战并存的大背景下，《宪章》的宗旨和原则依然熠熠生辉，《宪章》所确立的国际秩序框架、安全机制、行为规范和价值理念依然有效，《宪章》的原则依然是现代国际法和国际关系的基石。法律是稳定的，但不能停止不前。“执其方，天下无善教；通其变，天下无弊法。”为了顺应构建命运共同体和建设合作共赢新型国际关系的时代要求，国际社会不仅要继承、更要发展以《宪章》为核心的国际法律体系。
As the international architecture experiences profound adjustment, and both opportunities and challenges exist, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter remain as relevant as ever. The framework of international order, security mechanisms, norms and values established in the UN Charter are still effective. The principles enshrined in the UN Charterstill form the basis of modern international law and international relations. Law must be stable, but not stay unimproved. An old Chinese saying reads, “A society makes no progress if it sticks to outdated convention, and laws are feasible only when adapt to changing circumstances.” To build a community of shared destiny and a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, the international community must uphold, and more importantly, advance the system of international law with the UN Charter at its core.
第一，应坚持主权平等之基础。各国要摒弃冷战思维和集团政治，反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治，尊重和维护各国人民自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利。坚持国家不论大小、贫富、强弱一律平等，在独立、平等的基础上享有权利,在完全自愿和相互尊重的基础上承担义务和责任。要旗帜鲜明地反对非法使用武力，反对“新干涉主义”，反对弱化他国主权的企图和行径。
First, we must uphold sovereign equality as the foundation. Countries must reject cold-war mentality and bloc politics, oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics, respect and uphold the rights of all peoples to independently choose their social systems and development paths. Countries, regardless of their size or wealth, are all equals. They are entitled to their rights on an independent and equal basis, and shoulder obligations and responsibilities on the basis of voluntarism and mutual respect. Countries must explicitly say “no” to the illegal use of force, to “neo-interventionism” and to any attempt or practice that undermines the sovereignty of another country.
第二，应推动共同安全之保障。国家之安宁、人民之安宁乃最高之法律标准。各国利益交融、安危与共，每一个国家都享有平等参与安全事务的权利，也都有维护地区和国际安全的责任。要摒弃把自己的安全建立在别人的不安全之上的旧思维，尊重和保障每个国家的安全，兼顾传统和非传统安全，通过对话促进各国和本地安全，通过发展实现持久安全，树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，努力走出共建、共享、共赢、共护的安全新路。
Second, we must work together to ensure common security. Security of a nation and its people is the primary benchmark of law. Countries have shared interests and security needs. All countries have the right to participate in security affairs on an equal footing, and shoulder the responsibility to maintain security in various regions and in the world. We must reject the old mentality of seeking one’s own security at the expense of others’, respect and safeguard the security of each and every country. We must address both traditional and non-traditional security issues, promote security at the national and regional level through dialogue, and ensure lasting security through development. We must pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and jointly explore a new path toward security that is shared and upheld by all and leads to win-win outcomes.
第三，应遵循民主法治之正途。国际关系民主化和法治化是各国的普遍愿望，也符合历史发展潮流。世界的命运必须由各国人民共同掌握，世界上的事情应该由各国政府和人民共同商量来办。各国应彼此尊重文明和制度的多样性，相互尊重，相互包容，相互借鉴。要坚持国际决策和立法的民主化原则，提高国际立法、执法和司法的参与度、透明度和公信度，提高国际法规则的公正性、合理性，建立以法治为主要内容的国际秩序。要以法之准绳量各国行为之尺度，依法行使权利，善意履行义务，确保国际法平等、统一适用。
Third, we must follow the path of democratic rule of law. Greater democracy and rule-of-law in international relations represents the aspiration of all peoples and the trend of history. The destiny of the world must be taken into the hands of peoples of all countries, and world affairs can only be handled through consultation by governments and peoples around the world. Countries should respect the diversity of civilizations and systems, and advocate mutual respect, inclusiveness and mutual learning. The principle of democracy must be followed in the making of decisions and laws for our world. And international law-making, enforcement and jurisdiction must have broader participation, greater transparency and credibility. The rules of international law must be fairer and more reasonable, and the rule-of-law must be the dominant feature of the international order. Behaviors of all countries must be measured by law, rights exercised in keeping with the law, and obligations honored in good faith, so that the international law will be applied equally and consistently to all.
第四，应确立合作共赢之核心。各国只有把本国利益同他国利益结合起来，携手应对全球性问题，才能实现共赢，只有共赢，才是真赢。应积极探讨在国际法领域合理界定国家间开展合作的权利义务关系，包括发展中国家实现发展的权利与发达国家支持发展和消除发展障碍的义务。国际法的发展应有助于推动南北合作，有助于增强发展中国家的发展能力，有助于推动发达国家承担更多责任，以进一步加强国际合作机制的有效性，为寻求合作共赢、实现共同发展提供法律保障。
Fourth, we must advocate win-win cooperation as the central goal. Countries can achieve win-win outcome only when they align their own interests with those of other countries and jointly tackle global challenges. Only win-win cooperation leads to true benefits. We need to actively discuss how to properly define the rights and obligations of countries in international cooperation in the field of international law, including the rights of developing countries to achieve development and the obligations of developed countries to support and remove barriers to development. The development of international law should help promote North-South cooperation, enhance the development capacity of developing countries and encourage developed countries to assume more responsibilities. This will make international mechanisms more effective and provide legal guarantee for win-win cooperation and common development.
第五，应强化法律实施之机制。天下之事，不难于立法，而难于法之不行。法律的生命力在于实施,法律的权威也在于实施。国际法的有效实施和普遍遵守，既取决于各国的自律与信仰，也有赖于国际法实施和监督机制的完善。应通过联合国和区域组织等多边合作的制度性安排，去敦促、协助和监督成员国履行国际义务，正当行使权利，妥善解决国际争端，切实践行《宪章》宗旨和原则，强化国际法的实施和遵守，增进国际法的有效性。
Fifth, we must strengthen the mechanisms for law enforcement. What has been difficult is not to enact laws, but to truly enforce them. The lifeline of law lies with enforcement. So does the sanctity of law. Effective enforcement and universal compliance of international law relies not only on the self-discipline of countries and their faith in law, but also on improved mechanisms for law enforcement and oversight. Institutional arrangements of multilateral cooperation, such as the UN and various regional organizations, could be better used to urge, assist and monitor member states to fulfill their obligations, exercise their rights appropriately, properly handle international disputes, and earnestly implement the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. This will help ensure the enforcement and observance of international law and therefore enhance its effectiveness.
中国致力于推动国际关系的民主化和法治化，中国致力于构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系。中国迄今已同75个国家、5个地区组织建立了不同形式的伙伴关系，坚定致力于加强合作，维护共同安全、扩大共同利益。作为世界第二大经济体，我们深知自己的责任，也在为促进世界发展繁荣尽自己最大的努力。中国正在推动丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的“一带一路”合作倡议，并将以此为契机全面推进新一轮对外开放，努力为亚洲和世界发展带来新的机遇和空间。
China is committed to promoting democracy and the rule of law in international relations, and to building a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. China has established partnerships in different forms with 75 countries and five regional organizations, and is firmly committed to closer cooperation for common security and common interests. China, as the world’s second biggest economy, is keenly aware of its responsibilities, and is making its best efforts for the development and prosperity of the world. China is promoting the “Belt and Road” initiative, namely, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. China will take this initiative as an opportunity to open up further to the outside, and to bring new opportunities and space for the development of our neighbor in Asia and beyond.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
一位法学家曾说过，“国家一旦没了正义，就沦落为一个巨大的匪帮”。我们希望通过举办此次研讨会，夯实每一个国家对于国际公平正义的坚守，唤起每一个善良的人对和平的追求，以史为鉴，共同捍卫战后国际秩序，维护《宪章》权威，让合作共赢的音符自由而不逾矩地跳跃在新型国际关系的线谱之上，携手唱响和平、安全、发展、幸福的人类乐章。
As an eminent scholar once said, a country would fall into a huge gang if it has no justice. We hope that this Colloquium will help encourage all countries to uphold international fairness and justice, and all peoples to stay committed to the pursuit of peace and draw lessons from history. Let us work together to safeguard overall framework of the post-War international order and the sanctity of the UN Charter, build a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation, and bring peace, security, development and happiness to all humanity.
谢谢大家！
I thank you for your attention!
来源：中国外交部网
心译翻译工作室
