Ebola Conference: From Emergency to Recovery
埃博拉会议：从紧急状况转向恢复
Presentation on “Preventing the spread: promoting prevention and improving preparedness”, Brussels, Belgium
在比利时布鲁塞尔就“预防传播：促进预防、加强防备”问题所作发言
Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization
世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士
3 March 2015
2015年3月3日
Excellencies, honourable ministers, distinguished participants, colleagues within the United Nations system, ladies and gentlemen,
诸位阁下，尊贵的部长们，尊敬的代表们，联合国系统的同道们，女士们，先生们：
Last year demonstrated the world’s vulnerability to emerging and epidemic-prone infectious diseases.
去年的情况表明这个世界在新出现和易流行的传染病面前不堪一击。
Nearly four years ago, a Review Committee, set up under the International Health Regulations, issued its report on the response to the 2009 influenza pandemic. The report warned that the world was ill-prepared to respond to a disease event that is severe and sustained. Ebola was both.
差不多在四年前，依照《国际卫生条例》设立的一个审查委员会就2009年流感大流行的应对情况发布了一份报告。这份报告提出的警告是，这个世界没有为应对严重且持续存在的疾病事件做好准备。埃博拉当属二者之列。
The Ebola outbreak in West Africa offers many lessons about promoting prevention and improving preparedness. In a world of radically increased interdependence, international travel, and trade, there is no such thing as a local outbreak anymore.
西非埃博拉疫情在促进预防和加强防备方面给人们带来了许多经验教训。在一个相互依存程度、国际旅行和贸易从根本上不断加剧的世界里，不再会有地方性疫情情况。
The International Health Regulations provide the mechanism for collective defence against this universal threat, and shared responsibility for this defence. Only 64 of WHO’s 194 Member States have the essential surveillance, laboratory, response, and other capacities in place to fulfil their obligations under the IHR. This is a shocking statistic.
《国际卫生条例》为共同抵御这一普遍威胁提供了工作机制以及做出防御的共同责任。世卫组织194个会员国中仅有64个具备按照《国际卫生条例》履行义务所需的监测、实验室、应对和其它基本能力。这一统计数据令人震惊。
Equally disturbing is the fact that clinicians were left empty-handed, with no tools to prevent or treat a deadly and dreaded disease. This tells us that the system of incentives for R&D needs fixing.
同样令人不安的是，临床医生显得一筹莫展，缺乏用来预防或者治疗一种致命、可怕疾病的工具。这告诉我们，研发激励系统需要得到纠正。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士们、先生们，
For preparedness, WHO identified 14 priority countries in the region. Assessment missions to all have been completed. The resulting national preparedness plans give development partners guidance on where support is likely to have the greatest impact.
就防备而言，世卫组织确定了该地区14个重点国家。对所有国家的评估工作已经完成。由此制定的国家防备计划对发展伙伴具有指导意义，使人知晓那些方面的支持可能产生最大效果。
Central to preparedness everywhere is a well-functioning health system, based on a primary health care approach, that aims to reach universal health coverage. IHR core capacities for surveillance, laboratory detection, and response need to be an integral part of the health system, not tacked on, like an extra arm.
在任何地方做出防备的核心就是具备以初级卫生保健方法为基础的运转良好的卫生系统，其目标就是实现全民健康覆盖。《国际卫生条例》在监测、实验室检测和应对方面规定的核心能力需要成为卫生系统的内在组成部分，而不应成为另外附加的臂膀。
The Ebola outbreak revealed major gaps in capacity and in coordination among multiple agencies and development partners. The world was ill-prepared. It shows. We must reduce this vulnerability as a matter of urgency.
埃博拉疫情显露出多个机构和发展伙伴之间的能力和保持协调方面的重大差距。这个世界并没有做出很好准备。这一点已经显现出来。我们必须作为紧迫事项来降低这种脆弱性。
WHO has identified five priorities for early recovery where national leadership is central.
世卫组织已经确定了五项需要重点发挥国家领导作用的早期恢复优先事项。
First, restore trust in health services through community engagement and participation. Knowing that services are safe also builds trust. Screening using a newly approved rapid diagnostic test can help. Second, define a package of essential services.
首先，通过社区活动和社区参与恢复对卫生服务的信任。对服务安全的了解也会使人建立起信任。利用新批准的快速诊断检测法进行筛查也可带来帮助。第二，确定一揽子基本服务。
Third, enhance capacity to deliver services. Foreign medical teams currently in countries have expressed their willingness to identify missing skill sets and help build capacities.
第三，加强服务提供能力。目前驻扎在这些国家的外国医疗队已经表示愿意找出所缺少的技能并帮助建设能力。
Fourth, increase access to services, ideally by suspending user fees. Finally, ensure preparedness for future health shocks.
第四，提高服务的可获得性，理想情况是暂停“向使用者收费”做法。最后，确保对将来出现的健康风险冲击做出防备。
On R&D for Ebola, WHO approved the first rapid antigen diagnostic test for Ebola last month. The test requires no electricity and can deliver results in 15 minutes, making it useful for screening purposes and for restoring trust in health services.
至于埃博拉研发，世卫组织在上个月批准了首个埃博拉抗原快速诊断检测法。该检测法并不需要电，可在15分钟之内获得结果。它可用作筛查目的，也可用来恢复人们对卫生服务的信任。
Clinical trials of three drugs are under way or will start soon for three treatments. Results for the first drug to be assessed are promising when patients are detected and treated early.
正在对三种药物开展临床试验，或者说不久将会启用三种治疗方法。在病人得到早期发现和治疗时，对第一种药物所做的评估结果使人抱有希望。
Phase III clinical trials of two Ebola vaccines have begun or will begin soon in all three countries. Safety and immunogenicity data are good. If the vaccines prove effective, they could play an important role in ending the outbreak, especially with frontline health care workers prioritized to receive the first doses.
两种埃博拉疫苗的III期临床试验已经或者不久将在所有三个国家启动。安全性和免疫原性数据令人满意。如果证明有效，这些疫苗就可在终结本次疫情方面发挥重要作用，特别将一线卫生保健工作者定为获得首批疫苗剂量的重点人群。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士们、先生们，
The stunning decline in cases is a tribute to the strong efforts of national governments and to strong support from many countries and development partners, sub-regional, regional, and international organizations, international financial institutions, nongovernment organizations, and private sector partners.
病例数的惊人下降要归功于各国政府做出的巨大努力，以及多个国家和发展伙伴、次区域、区域和国际组织、国际金融机构、非政府组织和私立部门伙伴提供的大力支持。
We have turned the tide, but we have not turned off the tap.
我们已扭转了形势，但我们还没有切断源头。
We must guard against complacency and fatigue until we get the job done. We must show solidarity with the three countries in their journeys to recovery and development.
在我们完成这项工作之前我们必须防止出现自满和疲劳情绪。在三个国家迈向恢复与发展的征途中我们必须表现出团结精神。
Thank you.
谢谢大家！
来源：WHO
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