三、把改革开放扎实推向纵深

III. Deepening Reform and Opening Up

 

改革开放是推动发展的制胜法宝。必须以经济体制改革为重点全面深化改革，统筹兼顾，真抓实干，在牵动全局的改革上取得新突破，增强发展新动能。

 

Reform and opening up is crucial for driving development. We must focus on economic structural reform as we comprehensively deepen reform, taking all things into consideration in planning, working solidly to deliver concrete results, making new breakthroughs in areas that can boost development as a whole, and strengthening new momentum to drive development.

 

加大简政放权、放管结合改革力度。今年再取消和下放一批行政审批事项，全部取消非行政许可审批，建立规范行政审批的管理制度。深化商事制度改革，进一步简化注册资本登记，逐步实现“三证合一”，清理规范中介服务。制定市场准入负面清单，公布省级政府权力清单、责任清单，切实做到法无授权不可为、法定职责必须为。地方政府对应当放给市场和社会的权力，要彻底放、不截留，对上级下放的审批事项，要接得住、管得好。加强事中事后监管，健全为企业和社会服务一张网，推进社会信用体系建设，建立全国统一的社会信用代码制度和信用信息共享交换平台，依法保护企业和个人信息安全。大道至简，有权不可任性。各级政府都要建立简政放权、转变职能的有力推进机制，给企业松绑，为创业提供便利，营造公平竞争环境。所有行政审批事项都要简化程序，明确时限，用政府权力的“减法”，换取市场活力的“乘法”。

 

We will do more to streamline administration and delegate more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation.

 

This year, we will delegate the power or cancel the requirement for government review for more items, cancel all non-administrative review, and establish a system for exercising well-regulated management over the government review process. We will deepen reform of the business system; further simplify the process for capital registration; take gradual steps to integrate the business license, the organization code certificate, and the certificate of taxation registration into one certificate; and overhaul and regulate intermediary services. We will draw up a negative list for market access, ensure that provincial-level governments make their lists of powers and responsibilities open to the public, and make sure that anything the law does not authorize is not done, while all duties and functions assigned by law are performed.

 

Local governments must completely let go of powers that should be delegated to the market or society, and properly exercise the power of review over all items that have been delegated to them by higher-level governments. We will exercise stronger oversight both during and after the handling of matters, and improve the network of services for both enterprises and the general public. We will work to improve the credit rating system, put in place a national unified system of codes for rating credit, and establish a platform for sharing and exchanging information on credit. We will, in accordance with the law, protect the information security of enterprises and individuals.

 

It goes without saying that powers should not be held without good reason. Governments at all levels need to adopt effective ways to streamline administration, delegate powers, and transform their functions, creating an enabling environment for enterprises, making it easier to start up in business, and creating the right environment for fair competition. Procedures and processes must be simplified and time frames must be clarified for all items requiring administrative review, and cuts to government power will be made to boost market vitality.

 

多管齐下改革投融资体制。大幅缩减政府核准投资项目范围，下放核准权限。大幅减少投资项目前置审批，实行项目核准网上并联办理。大幅放宽民间投资市场准入，鼓励社会资本发起设立股权投资基金。政府采取投资补助、资本金注入、设立基金等办法，引导社会资本投入重点项目。以用好铁路发展基金为抓手，深化铁路投融资改革。在基础设施、公用事业等领域，积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

 

We will take multiple measures to reform the investment and financing systems.

 

We will substantially reduce the number of investment projects that require government review, delegate more powers of review to lower-level governments, significantly streamline the need for preliminary review for investment projects, and conduct project reviews online. We will greatly relax market access for private investment and encourage the use of private capital to set up equity funds. The government will guide nongovernmental investments toward key projects by subsidizing investments, injecting capital, and establishing funds. We will deepen reform of railway investment and financing by making good use of railway development funds. We will actively promote models of cooperation between government and nongovernmental capital in developing infrastructure and public utilities.

 

不失时机加快价格改革。改革方向是发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，大幅缩减政府定价种类和项目，具备竞争条件的商品和服务价格原则上都要放开。取消绝大部分药品政府定价，下放一批基本公共服务收费定价权。扩大输配电价改革试点，推进农业水价改革，健全节能环保价格政策。完善资源性产品价格，全面实行居民阶梯价格制度。同时必须加强价格监管，规范市场秩序，确保低收入群众基本生活。

 

We will take timely action to accelerate price reform.

 

This reform is aimed at ensuring the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and significantly reducing the number of categories and items of goods and services for which prices are set by the government. In principle, we will lift pricing controls over all goods and services that can viably compete in markets. The government will stop setting prices for most pharmaceuticals and delegate to lower-level governments the power to set prices for certain basic public services.

 

We will expand the trials of pricing reforms for electricity transmission and distribution, carry out pricing reforms for water used in agriculture, and improve pricing policies to make them more conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. We will improve the pricing of resource products and fully implement a system of tiered pricing for electricity, water, and natural gas used for household purposes. At the same time, we must strengthen oversight over pricing, improve market order, and ensure the basic living standards of people on low incomes.

 

推动财税体制改革取得新进展。实行全面规范、公开透明的预算管理制度，除法定涉密信息外，中央和地方所有部门预决算都要公开，全面接受社会监督。提高国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例。推行中期财政规划管理。制定盘活财政存量资金的有效办法。力争全面完成“营改增”，调整完善消费税政策，扩大资源税从价计征范围。提请修订税收征管法。改革转移支付制度，完善中央和地方的事权与支出责任，合理调整中央和地方收入划分。

 

We will ensure that progress is made in the reform of the fiscal and tax systems.

 

We will put in place a comprehensive, well-regulated, open, and transparent budgeting system. With the exception of cases where classified information is involved, all central and local government departments must release their budgets and final accounts for public oversight. We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the budgets for state capital operations to general public budgets. We will introduce medium-term fiscal planning. We will design effective measures to make good use of government funds at hand.

 

We will devote serious energy to completing work to replace business tax with VAT across the board, adjust and improve policies on consumption tax, and extend price-based resource taxes to cover more types of resources. We will submit a proposal to the NPC Standing Committee on revising the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection.

 

We will reform the transfer payments system, clearly define the respective powers and spending responsibilities of the central and local governments, and make appropriate adjustments to the division of revenue between them.

 

围绕服务实体经济推进金融改革。推动具备条件的民间资本依法发起设立中小型银行等金融机构，成熟一家，批准一家，不设限额。深化农村信用社改革，稳定其县域法人地位。发挥好开发性金融、政策性金融在增加公共产品供给中的作用。推出存款保险制度。推进利率市场化改革，健全中央银行利率调控框架。保持人民币汇率处于合理均衡水平，增强人民币汇率双向浮动弹性。稳步实现人民币资本项目可兑换，扩大人民币国际使用，加快建设人民币跨境支付系统，完善人民币全球清算服务体系，开展个人投资者境外投资试点，适时启动“深港通”试点。加强多层次资本市场体系建设，实施股票发行注册制改革，发展服务中小企业的区域性股权市场，开展股权众筹融资试点，推进信贷资产证券化，扩大企业债券发行规模，发展金融衍生品市场。推出巨灾保险、个人税收递延型商业养老保险。创新金融监管，防范和化解金融风险。大力发展普惠金融，让所有市场主体都能分享金融服务的雨露甘霖。

 

We will move ahead with financial reform to better serve the real economy.

 

We will encourage qualified private investors to establish, in accordance with the law, small and medium-sized banks and other financial institutions; there will be no quota imposed on them, and approval will be granted as long as all required conditions are met. We will deepen reform of rural credit cooperatives, and keep their status as legal persons in their counties stable. We will ensure development-oriented and policy-backed financial institutions function effectively in increasing the supply of public goods.

 

A deposit insurance system will be established. We will further liberalize interest rates and improve the central bank’s framework for their regulation. We will work to keep the RMB exchange rate at an appropriate and balanced level and allow it to float more freely. We will make steady progress in realizing the convertibility of the RMB capital accounts, expand the use of the RMB internationally, accelerate the establishment of a cross-border payment system for the RMB, improve the worldwide clearing system for the RMB, pilot private overseas investment, and launch the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect on a trial basis at an appropriate time.

 

We will strengthen the multilevel capital market and implement the reform to introduce a system of registration for issuing stocks. We will develop regional equity markets to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, carry out trials of equity crowdfunding, encourage the securitization of credit assets, prompt an expansion of the issuance of corporate bonds, and develop the financial derivatives market. We will launch insurance to cover major disasters and commercial pension schemes that allow for deferred payment of individual income tax.

 

We will explore new approaches to financial regulation to prevent and diffuse financial risks. We will channel great energy into developing inclusive finance and ensuring equitable access to financial services for all market entities.

 

深化国企国资改革。准确界定不同国有企业功能，分类推进改革。加快国有资本投资公司、运营公司试点，打造市场化运作平台，提高国有资本运营效率。有序实施国有企业混合所有制改革，鼓励和规范投资项目引入非国有资本参股。加快电力、油气等体制改革。多渠道解决企业办社会负担和历史遗留问题，保障职工合法权益。完善现代企业制度，改革和健全企业经营者激励约束机制。要加强国有资产监管，防止国有资产流失，切实提高国有企业的经营效益。

 

We will deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state capital.

 

We will push forward with targeted reform of SOEs on the basis of having clearly defined their functions. We will move more swiftly in carrying out trials on establishing state capital investment companies and operating companies, create a market-based platform for state capital operations, and improve their performance.

 

We will take systematic steps to implement the reform of introducing mixed ownership to SOEs, and both encourage and regulate equity investment made by non-state capital in SOE investment projects. We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, oil, and natural gas industries. We will work, through multiple channels, to relieve SOEs of their obligation to operate social programs and help them solve longstanding problems, while at the same time ensuring that the legitimate rights and interests of workers are protected. We will ensure that SOEs improve their modern corporate structure, and incentive and restraint mechanisms for their executives are reformed and strengthened. We will strengthen regulation of state-owned assets and guard against their loss, and ensure that SOEs improve their performance.

 

非公有制经济是我国经济的重要组成部分。必须毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，注重发挥企业家才能，全面落实促进民营经济发展的政策措施，增强各类所有制经济活力，让各类企业法人财产权依法得到保护。

 

The non-public sector is an important component of China’s economy. We will remain firmly committed to encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of this sector, work to enable entrepreneurs to give full expression to their talent, put into effect all policies and measures encouraging the development of the private sector, strengthen the vitality of enterprises under all types of ownership, and protect the property rights of all types of enterprise-legal persons in accordance with the law.

 

继续推进科技、教育、文化、医药卫生、养老保险、事业单位、住房公积金等领域改革。发展需要改革添动力，群众期盼改革出实效，我们要努力交出一份为发展加力、让人民受益的改革答卷。

 

We will continue to push ahead with reforms in science, technology, education, culture, medical and health care, pensions, public institutions, and the housing provident fund. Development needs to be driven by reform, and the people are expecting the real benefits reform delivers. We must work hard to make sure that reform boosts development and benefits our people.

 

开放也是改革。必须实施新一轮高水平对外开放，加快构建开放型经济新体制，以开放的主动赢得发展的主动、国际竞争的主动。

 

Opening up is itself a reform. We must carry out a new round of high-quality opening up, move more swiftly in building a new open economy, and maintain momentum in development and in international competition by pressing ahead with opening up.

 

推动外贸转型升级。完善出口退税负担机制，自2015年起增量部分由中央财政全额负担，让地方和企业吃上“定心丸”。清理规范进出口环节收费，建立并公开收费项目清单。实施培育外贸竞争新优势的政策措施，促进加工贸易转型，发展外贸综合服务平台和市场采购贸易，扩大跨境电子商务综合试点，增加服务外包示范城市数量，提高服务贸易比重。实施更加积极的进口政策，扩大先进技术、关键设备、重要零部件等进口。

 

We will transform and upgrade China’s foreign trade.

 

We will improve the mechanism for sharing the cost of export tax rebates between the central and local governments, with the central government paying all the increase for the benefit of local governments and exporting enterprises beginning in 2015. We will overhaul and regulate charges for imports and exports, and establish and release a complete list of such charges. We will implement policies and measures to enable China’s foreign trade to develop new competitive edges, facilitate the transformation of processing trade, develop market purchase trade and a comprehensive service platform for foreign trade, expand comprehensive trials in cross-border e-commerce, turn more cities into trendsetters in undertaking services outsourced by other countries, and increase the share of service trade in China’s foreign trade. We will adopt a more active import policy to increase the import of advanced technology, key equipment, and important parts and components.

 

更加积极有效利用外资。修订外商投资产业指导目录，重点扩大服务业和一般制造业开放，把外商投资限制类条目缩减一半。全面推行普遍备案、有限核准的管理制度，大幅下放鼓励类项目核准权，积极探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式。修订外商投资相关法律，健全外商投资监管体系，打造稳定公平透明可预期的营商环境。

 

We will take a more active, more effective approach to making use of foreign capital.

 

We will revise the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment. We will focus on making the service and manufacturing sectors even more open by halving the number of industries in which foreign investment is restricted. We will introduce, across the board, the management system under which foreign investment projects generally need only to be placed on record, with government review required in only a limited number of cases. We will delegate to lower-level governments the power of review for a large number of projects that are encouraged by the state; and work actively to explore the management model of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list. We will work to improve the foreign investment regulatory system, revise laws concerning foreign investment, and create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable business environment.

 

加快实施走出去战略。鼓励企业参与境外基础设施建设和产能合作，推动铁路、电力、通信、工程机械以及汽车、飞机、电子等中国装备走向世界，促进冶金、建材等产业对外投资。实行以备案制为主的对外投资管理方式。扩大出口信用保险规模，对大型成套设备出口融资应保尽保。拓宽外汇储备运用渠道，健全金融、信息、法律、领事保护服务。注重风险防范，提高海外权益保障能力。让中国企业走得出、走得稳，在国际竞争中强筋健骨、发展壮大。

 

We will speed up the implementation of the “go global” strategy.

 

We will encourage Chinese companies to participate in overseas infrastructure development projects and engage in cooperation with their foreign counterparts in building up production capacity. We will work to increase the international market share of Chinese railway, electric power, communications, engineering machinery, automobile, aircraft, electronics, and other equipment, and encourage the metallurgical, building materials, and other industries to invest overseas. Outbound investment will be mainly managed on a record-keeping basis. We will scale up export credit insurance to provide export financing insurance for all insurable complete sets of large equipment.

 

We will broaden the channels for using foreign exchange reserves, provide better financial services, information services, legal services, and consulate protection to Chinese firms investing abroad, guard against risk, and strengthen our capacity to protect the rights and interests of Chinese enterprises overseas. We are confident that these steps will enable Chinese companies to go global and go steadily, emerging stronger in international competition.

 

构建全方位对外开放新格局。推进丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路合作建设。加快互联互通、大通关和国际物流大通道建设。构建中巴、孟中印缅等经济走廊。扩大内陆和沿边开放，促进经济技术开发区创新发展，提高边境经济合作区、跨境经济合作区发展水平。积极推动上海和广东、天津、福建自贸试验区建设，在全国推广成熟经验，形成各具特色的改革开放高地。

 

We will foster a new environment in all-round opening up.

 

We will work with the relevant countries in developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. We will move faster to strengthen infrastructure connectivity with China’s neighbors, simplify customs clearance procedures, and build international logistics gateways. We will work to build the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. We will make China’s interior and border areas more open to the outside world, promote the innovation-driven development of economic and technological development zones, and upgrade both border and cross-border economic cooperation areas. We will work actively to develop pilot free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian, and extend good practices developed in these zones to the rest of the country so that such zones become leading reform and opening up areas, each with its own distinctive features.

 

统筹多双边和区域开放合作。维护多边贸易体制，推动信息技术协定扩围，积极参与环境产品、政府采购等国际谈判。加快实施自贸区战略，尽早签署中韩、中澳自贸协定，加快中日韩自贸区谈判，推动与海合会、以色列等自贸区谈判，力争完成中国－东盟自贸区升级谈判和区域全面经济伙伴关系协定谈判，建设亚太自贸区。推进中美、中欧投资协定谈判。中国是负责任、敢担当的国家，我们愿做互利共赢发展理念的践行者、全球经济体系的建设者、经济全球化的推动者。

 

We will promote multilateral, bilateral, and regional opening up and cooperation.

 

We will uphold multilateral trade systems, work to promote expansion of the Information Technology Agreement, and take an active part in international talks in areas such as environmental products and government procurement. We will move faster to implement the strategy of developing free trade zones, ensuring that agreements on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia are signed as soon as possible; stepping up negotiations on the China-Japan-ROK Free Trade Zone; working for progress in talks on free trade zones with the Gulf Cooperation Council and Israel; endeavoring to complete the talks on upgrading the China-ASEAN Free Trade Zone and on establishing the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership; and working to build the Asia-Pacific Free Trade Zone. We will continue negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union. As a responsible and enterprising nation, China champions the vision of promoting mutually beneficial development, boosting the global economy, and encouraging economic globalization.

 

四、协调推动经济稳定增长和结构优化

IV. Balancing Steady Economic Growth and Structural Improvement

 

稳增长和调结构相辅相成。我们既要全力保持经济在合理区间运行，又要积极促进经济转型升级、行稳致远。

 

Steady growth and structural adjustment complement each other. We must work hard to ensure that the economy performs within an appropriate range while promoting economic transformation and upgrading, and maintaining sustainable economic growth.

 

加快培育消费增长点。鼓励大众消费，控制“三公”消费。促进养老家政健康消费，壮大信息消费，提升旅游休闲消费，推动绿色消费，稳定住房消费，扩大教育文化体育消费。全面推进“三网”融合，加快建设光纤网络，大幅提升宽带网络速率，发展物流快递，把以互联网为载体、线上线下互动的新兴消费搞得红红火火。建立健全消费品质量安全监管、追溯、召回制度，严肃查处制售假冒伪劣行为，保护消费者合法权益。扩大消费要汇小溪成大河，让亿万群众的消费潜力成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力。

 

We will move faster to foster growth areas of consumption.

 

We will encourage private consumption and curb spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality. We will promote consumption in elderly care, domestic services, and health services, help strengthen spending on information goods and services, raise consumer spending on leisure and tourism, give impetus to green consumption, keep housing consumption stable, and encourage people to spend more on education, culture, and sports.

 

We will press ahead with the nationwide project to deliver telecoms, radio, television, and Internet service over a single broadband connection, accelerate the development of fiber-optic networks, significantly increase broadband speeds, develop logistics and express delivery services, and ensure that new forms of Internet-based spending, which combine online-offline activities, come to thrive.

 

We will strengthen monitoring, tracking, and recall systems to ensure the safety and quality of consumer goods, severely punish the production and sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. In expanding consumption, we need to ensure every drop of spending builds to create a mighty river, so that the potential contained in an ocean of private consumers will be channeled into a powerful force driving economic growth.

 

增加公共产品有效投资。确保完成“十二五”规划重点建设任务，启动实施一批新的重大工程项目。主要是：棚户区和危房改造、城市地下管网等民生项目，中西部铁路和公路、内河航道等重大交通项目，水利、高标准农田等农业项目，信息、电力、油气等重大网络项目，清洁能源及油气矿产资源保障项目，传统产业技术改造等项目，节能环保和生态建设项目。今年中央预算内投资增加到4776亿元，但政府不唱“独角戏”，要更大激发民间投资活力，引导社会资本投向更多领域。铁路投资要保持在8000亿元以上，新投产里程8000公里以上，在全国基本实现高速公路电子不停车收费联网，使交通真正成为发展的先行官。重大水利工程已开工的57个项目要加快建设，今年再开工27个项目，在建重大水利工程投资规模超过8000亿元。棚改、铁路、水利等投资多箭齐发，重点向中西部地区倾斜，使巨大的内需得到更多释放。

 

We will increase effective investment in public goods.

 

We will ensure that the projects set out in the 12th Five-Year Plan are completed. We will launch a number of major new projects, including:

 

– projects for rebuilding rundown urban areas and renovating dilapidated housing, urban underground pipe network projects, and other projects to improve living standards;

 

– major railway, highway, and inland waterway transport projects in the central and western regions;

 

– agricultural projects on water conservancy and developing high-quality farmland;

 

– projects that involve major information, electricity, oil, and natural gas networks;

 

– clean energy projects, and oil, natural gas, and mineral resource supply projects;

 

– projects for upgrading traditional industries; and

 

– energy-saving, environmental protection, and ecological conservation projects.

 

This year, the central government will increase its budgetary investment to 477.6 billion yuan. However, the government does not intend to perform an investment soliloquy; we need to do more to stimulate private investment and channel the investment of nongovernmental capital into more areas.

 

We will keep our investment in railway construction above 800 billion yuan and open over 8,000 kilometers of railways to traffic. We will work to ensure that drive-through electronic toll collection systems are connected up on expressways throughout the country, and work toward making transportation truly lead the way in promoting development. Construction on the 57 ongoing major water conservancy projects needs to be accelerated; construction will be started on an additional 27 such projects this year, and investment in the major water conservancy projects under construction will exceed 800 billion yuan. Investment to be made in the above sectors, such as railways, water conservancy, and projects to rebuild rundown urban areas, will be weighted toward the central and western regions, helping stimulate enormous domestic demand.

 

加快推进农业现代化。坚持“三农”重中之重地位不动摇，加快转变农业发展方式，让农业更强、农民更富、农村更美。

 

We will work harder to modernize agriculture.

 

We will continue to give top priority to our work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and the rural population, speed up the transformation of the agricultural growth model, and ensure that agriculture is stronger, people in rural areas are better off, and rural China is more beautiful.

 

今年粮食产量要稳定在5.5亿吨以上，保障粮食安全和主要农产品供给。坚守耕地红线，全面开展永久基本农田划定工作，实施耕地质量保护与提升行动，推进土地整治，增加深松土地1333万公顷。加强农田水利基本建设，大力发展节水农业。加快新技术、新品种、新农机研发推广应用。引导农民瞄准市场调整种养结构，支持农产品加工特别是主产区粮食就地转化，开展粮食作物改为饲料作物试点。综合治理农药兽药残留等问题，全面提高农产品质量和食品安全水平。

 

This year, we need to keep grain output above 550 million metric tons, and ensure both food security and the supply of major agricultural products. We will make sure that China’s arable land area does not fall below the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out work on designating permanent basic cropland throughout the country, launch an initiative to maintain and enhance the quality of cultivated land, improve rural land, improve the subsoil of 13.3 million hectares of cropland, strengthen the building of irrigation and water conservancy facilities, and work hard to develop water-efficient agriculture.

 

We will step up efforts to develop and expand the use of new technology, new crop varieties, and new agricultural machinery. We will guide farmers to adjust what and how much they grow or breed based on market demand. We will offer support for agricultural products to be processed locally, particularly for grain processing in major grain-growing areas, and carry out pilot projects to replace grain crop cultivation with feed crop cultivation. We will comprehensively address problems such as residual traces of chemicals in agricultural products and livestock shipments. We will work to improve the quality of all agricultural products and make our food more safe to eat.

 

新农村建设要惠及广大农民。突出加强水和路的建设，今年再解决6000万农村人口饮水安全问题，新建改建农村公路20万公里，全面完成西部边远山区溜索改桥任务。力争让最后20多万无电人口都能用上电。以垃圾、污水为重点加强环境治理，建设美丽宜居乡村。多渠道促进农民增收，保持城乡居民收入差距缩小势头。持续打好扶贫攻坚战，深入推进集中连片特困地区扶贫开发，实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫。难度再大，今年也要再减少农村贫困人口1000万人以上。

 

Our efforts to build a new countryside should benefit the rural population. We will give high priority to building roads and water facilities. This year, we will ensure that 60 million more rural residents gain access to safe drinking water; that 200,000 kilometers of rural roads are built or upgraded; and that bridges are built to replace all ropeways in the western region. We will work toward providing electricity to the over 200,000 remaining people in China who are still without access.

 

We will strengthen efforts to improve the environment, focusing particularly on refuse and sewage treatment, to build a more beautiful and livable countryside. We will increase rural incomes through multiple channels and keep narrowing the urban-rural income gap.

 

We will continue to fight the battle against poverty, carry out extensive poverty alleviation and development programs in contiguous poor areas, and take targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty. Regardless of how difficult it may be, this year, we must again reduce the poor rural population by more than 10 million.

 

推进农业现代化，改革是关键。要在稳定家庭经营的基础上，支持种养大户、家庭农牧场、农民合作社、产业化龙头企业等新型经营主体发展，培养新型职业农民，推进多种形式适度规模经营。做好土地确权登记颁证工作，审慎开展农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度、集体产权制度等改革试点。在改革中，要确保耕地数量不减少、质量不下降、农民利益有保障。深化供销社、农垦、种业、国有林场林区等改革，办好农村改革试验区和现代农业示范区。完善粮食最低收购价和临时收储政策，改进农产品目标价格补贴办法。加强涉农资金统筹整合和管理。无论财政多困难，惠农政策只能加强不能削弱，支农资金只能增加不能减少。

 

Reform is key to modernizing agriculture. On the premise of keeping household operations stable, we will support the development of large family farming businesses, family farms and pastures, farmers’ cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises, and other emerging agribusinesses; cultivate a new type of skilled farmer; and develop diversified and scaled agricultural operations.

 

We will ensure smooth progress in determining, registering, and certifying contracted rural land-use rights. We will move prudently to carry out pilot reforms relating to rural land requisition, putting rural collective land designated for business-related construction on the market, the system of land use for rural housing, and the rural collective property rights system. We need to ensure that during reform, the acreage of cultivated land does not diminish, its quality does not deteriorate, and the interests of people in rural areas are protected.

 

We will deepen the reform of rural supply and marketing cooperatives, state farms on reclaimed land, the seed industry, state forestry farms, and state forests, and work to ensure the success of both experimental zones for carrying out rural reform and modern agriculture demonstration zones. We will refine the policy on setting minimum state grain purchase prices and the policy on the temporary state purchase and storage of major agricultural products, and improve the ways that subsidies are granted under the system of guaranteed base prices for agricultural products. We will strengthen the integration and management of funds for agricultural development. Whatever fiscal difficulties we may face, our policies to support agriculture must be strengthened, and related funding must be increased.

 

推进新型城镇化取得新突破。城镇化是解决城乡差距的根本途径，也是最大的内需所在。要坚持以人为核心，以解决三个1亿人问题为着力点，发挥好城镇化对现代化的支撑作用。

 

We will work to achieve breakthroughs in promoting a new type of urbanization.

 

Urbanization is a fundamental way to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and provides the largest source of domestic demand. We will make urbanization people-oriented, focus on the three tasks,* and fully leverage the role of urbanization in underpinning modernization.

 

(*These tasks are:

 

– grant urban residency to 100 million people who have moved to cities from rural areas;

– rebuild rundown areas and “villages” within cities where 100 million people are currently living; and

– guide the process of urbanization for 100 million people in the central and western regions.)

 

加大城镇棚户区和城乡危房改造力度。今年保障性安居工程新安排740万套，其中棚户区改造580万套，增加110万套，把城市危房改造纳入棚改政策范围。农村危房改造366万户，增加100万户，统筹推进农房抗震改造。住房保障逐步实行实物保障与货币补贴并举，把一些存量房转为公租房和安置房。对居住特别困难的低保家庭，给予住房救助。坚持分类指导，因地施策，落实地方政府主体责任，支持居民自住和改善性住房需求，促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。

 

We will redouble efforts to rebuild rundown urban areas and renovate dilapidated urban and rural housing. This year, our plan includes building an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing, of which 5.8 million are to be located in rundown urban areas, an increase of 1.1 million over last year. We will bring the renovation of dilapidated urban housing under the coverage of the policy on rebuilding rundown areas. We will renovate 3.66 million dilapidated rural houses, an increase of one million over the number renovated last year. We will carry out coordinated work to make rural housing more earthquake resistant.

 

In providing government housing support, we will phase in the policy of using both the provision of physical housing and the allocation of housing subsidies, and transform a portion of available housing into public rental housing or housing to be sold to those being relocated. Housing allowances will be provided to families who live on subsistence allowances and are facing serious housing difficulties. We will give targeted guidance, implement policies suitable to local conditions, assign primary responsibility to local governments for the development of housing, support people’s demand for housing for personal use and second homes, and promote the stable and sound development of the real estate market.

 

用改革的办法解决城镇化难点问题。抓紧实施户籍制度改革，落实放宽户口迁移政策。对已在城镇就业和居住但尚未落户的外来人口，以居住证为载体提供相应基本公共服务，取消居住证收费。建立财政转移支付与市民化挂钩机制，合理分担农民工市民化成本。建立规范多元可持续的城市建设投融资机制。坚持节约集约用地，稳妥建立城乡统一的建设用地市场，完善和拓展城乡建设用地增减挂钩试点。加强资金和政策支持，扩大新型城镇化综合试点。

 

We will draw on reform to solve tough issues in urbanization. We need to promptly implement reforms to the household registration system and relax controls over the transfer of household registration. People originally from rural areas who live and work in urban areas but have yet to gain urban residency will be able to access basic public services on the basis of their residence certificates, and we will get rid of fees related to residence certification. We will link the transfer payments of cities to their performance in granting urban residency to eligible migrant workers and find suitable ways to share the cost of ensuring migrant workers can become urban citizens. We will establish well-regulated, diversified, and sustainable mechanisms for financing urban development. We will continue to use land economically and intensively, establish a sound unified market for urban and rural land that may be used for construction purposes, and improve and expand pilot projects to link the amount of urban and rural land granted for these purposes to that of land returned to cultivation. We will increase funding and policy support for expanding trials in the new type of urbanization.

 

提升城镇规划建设管理水平。制定实施城市群规划，有序推进基础设施和基本公共服务同城化。完善设市标准，实行特大镇扩权增能试点，控制超大城市人口规模，提升地级市、县城和中心镇产业和人口承载能力，方便农民就近城镇化。发展智慧城市，保护和传承历史、地域文化。加强城市供水供气供电、公交和防洪防涝设施等建设。坚决治理污染、拥堵等城市病，让出行更方便、环境更宜居。

 

We will improve the planning, construction, and management of cities and towns. We need to formulate and implement plans for building city clusters, and work systematically to develop integrated infrastructure and basic public services within clusters. Standards for designating municipalities will be improved, trial programs will be launched to expand the powers of very large towns and increase their overall carrying capacity, and efforts will be made to bring population growth in megacities under control. We will also raise the industry and population carrying capacity of prefectural cities, county towns, and hub towns to make it easier for people from rural areas nearby to gain urban residency.

 

We will develop smart cities and protect historical and local culture, ensuring it is passed on from generation to generation. We will strengthen urban facilities for water, gas, and electricity supplies, public transport, and flood prevention and rainwater control. We will ensure the effective governance of urban maladies such as pollution and traffic congestion to make transportation more convenient and improve the environment for urban living.

 

拓展区域发展新空间。统筹实施“四大板块”和“三个支撑带”战略组合。在西部地区开工建设一批综合交通、能源、水利、生态、民生等重大项目，落实好全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地政策措施，加快中部地区综合交通枢纽和网络等建设，支持东部地区率先发展，加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区支持力度，完善差别化的区域发展政策。把“一带一路”建设与区域开发开放结合起来，加强新亚欧大陆桥、陆海口岸支点建设。推进京津冀协同发展，在交通一体化、生态环保、产业升级转移等方面率先取得实质性突破。推进长江经济带建设，有序开工黄金水道治理、沿江码头口岸等重大项目，构筑综合立体大通道，建设产业转移示范区，引导产业由东向西梯度转移。加速资源枯竭型城市转型升级。加强中西部重点开发区建设，深化泛珠三角等区域合作。

 

We will expand space for promoting development in different regions.

 

We will pursue in a coordinated way the strategy of developing the western region, revitalizing the northeast, boosting the rise of the central region, and ensuring the eastern region takes the lead in development and the strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the Yangtze Economic Belt.

 

– In the western region, we will launch a number of major projects involving multipurpose transportation systems, energy, water conservancy, the environment, and living standards;

 

– In the old industrial bases of the northeast and other parts of China, we will implement policies and measures designed to ensure their full revitalization;

 

– In the central region, we will speed up the development of integrated transportation hubs and networks;

 

– We will support the eastern region in taking the lead in development;

 

– We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and areas with relatively high incidences of poverty; and

 

– We will improve differentiated policies for promoting the development of different regions.

 

We will integrate the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road with the development and opening up of related regions. We will promote development of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge as well as major coastal and border ports which serve as hubs for the Belt or the Road.

 

We will step up coordinated development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and ensure that the region takes the lead in making substantive breakthroughs in areas such as integrated transportation, ecological conservation, environmental protection, and industry upgrading and relocation.

 

We will press ahead with the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, working step by step to launch major projects including upgrading the area’s major waterways and building docks and quays along the Yangtze River to create an integrated, multidimensional transport corridor. Industrial relocation demonstration zones will be built along the belt to guide the orderly relocation of industries from the east to the west. We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of resource-depleted cities. We will step up efforts to develop major development zones in the central and western regions and ensure cooperation is deepened in the pan-Pearl River Delta and other regions.

 

我国是海洋大国，要编制实施海洋战略规划，发展海洋经济，保护海洋生态环境，提高海洋科技水平，强化海洋综合管理，加强海上力量建设，坚决维护国家海洋权益，妥善处理海上纠纷，积极拓展双边和多边海洋合作，向海洋强国的目标迈进。

 

China is a major maritime country. We need to draw up and implement a strategic maritime plan, develop the marine economy, protect the marine environment, strengthen marine science and technology, improve coordinated maritime management, strengthen our law enforcement and defense capabilities at sea, resolutely safeguard China’s maritime rights and interests, properly handle maritime disputes, actively expand bilateral and multilateral maritime cooperation, and move closer to achieving the goal of building China into a maritime power.

 

推动产业结构迈向中高端。制造业是我们的优势产业。要实施“中国制造2025”，坚持创新驱动、智能转型、强化基础、绿色发展，加快从制造大国转向制造强国。采取财政贴息、加速折旧等措施，推动传统产业技术改造。坚持有保有压，化解过剩产能，支持企业兼并重组，在市场竞争中优胜劣汰。促进工业化和信息化深度融合，开发利用网络化、数字化、智能化等技术，着力在一些关键领域抢占先机、取得突破。

 

We will move forward in industrial structural upgrading, aiming at a medium-high level.

 

Manufacturing is traditionally a strong industry for China. We will implement the “Made in China 2025” strategy; seek innovation-driven development; apply smart technologies; strengthen foundations; pursue green development; and redouble our efforts to upgrade China from a manufacturer of quantity to one of quality.

 

We will provide subsidies and accelerate equipment depreciation to push forward the technological upgrading of traditional industries. We will ensure the development of some industries while restricting the growth of others, cut overcapacity, support business acquisitions and restructuring, and let market competition determine which businesses survive. We will promote the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization, develop and utilize networking, digitalization, and smart technologies, and work to develop certain key areas first and make breakthroughs in these areas.

 

新兴产业和新兴业态是竞争高地。要实施高端装备、信息网络、集成电路、新能源、新材料、生物医药、航空发动机、燃气轮机等重大项目，把一批新兴产业培育成主导产业。制定“互联网+”行动计划，推动移动互联网、云计算、大数据、物联网等与现代制造业结合，促进电子商务、工业互联网和互联网金融健康发展，引导互联网企业拓展国际市场。国家已设立400亿元新兴产业创业投资引导基金，要整合筹措更多资金，为产业创新加油助力。

 

Emerging industries and new types of businesses are areas of intense competition. We will launch major projects to develop high-end equipment, information networks, integrated circuits, new energy, new materials, biomedicines, aero engines, and gas turbines, helping a number of emerging industries to become leading ones. We will develop the “Internet Plus” action plan to integrate the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, and the Internet of Things with modern manufacturing, to encourage the healthy development of e-commerce, industrial networks, and Internet banking, and to guide Internet-based companies to increase their presence in the international market. In addition to the 40 billion yuan government fund already in place for investment in China’s emerging industries, more funds need to be raised for promoting business development and innovation.

 

服务业就业容量大，发展前景广。要深化服务业改革开放，落实财税、土地、价格等支持政策以及带薪休假等制度，大力发展旅游、健康、养老、创意设计等生活和生产服务业。深化流通体制改革，加强大型农产品批发、仓储和冷链等现代物流设施建设，努力大幅降低流通成本。

 

The service sector can provide an enormous amount of employment opportunities and has vast potential for development. We will deepen the reform and opening up of the service sector, and implement fiscal, tax, land, and pricing policies to support its development. We will ensure that paid vacations are enforced, and channel great energy into developing tourism, health, elderly care, innovative design, and other better-living and production-related services. We will also deepen logistics reform, strengthen the building of modern logistics facilities such as large-scale wholesale, storage, and cold chain facilities for agricultural produce, and work hard to achieve major reductions in logistics costs.

 

以体制创新推动科技创新。创新创造关键在人。要加快科技成果使用处置和收益管理改革，扩大股权和分红激励政策实施范围，完善科技成果转化、职务发明法律制度，使创新人才分享成果收益。制定促进科研人员流动政策，改革科技评价、职称评定和国家奖励制度，推进科研院所分类改革。引进国外高质量人才和智力。深入实施知识产权战略行动计划，依法打击侵权行为，切实保护发明创造，让创新之树枝繁叶茂。

 

We will use institutional innovation to drive scientific and technological innovation.

 

It is people who make innovations and create things. We will speed up the reform to manage the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions and extend the coverage of policies which allow for incentive mechanisms for innovation based on shares and dividends. Legislation on the commercialization of research and development deliverables and on-the-job inventions should be improved so that inventors can enjoy a share of the returns on their inventions.

 

We will formulate policies for encouraging the flow of researchers and engineers, reform the systems for assessing their achievements, for appraising them for the conferral of professional titles, and for granting national awards, and reform research institutions according to their functions. We will work to attract high-caliber foreign professionals and bring in other expertise from overseas.

 

We will fully implement the action plan for carrying out the national strategy on intellectual property rights, combat infringements in accordance with the law, and ensure inventions and creative work are thoroughly protected to keep innovation thriving.

 

企业是技术创新的主体。要落实和完善企业研发费用加计扣除、高新技术企业扶持等普惠性政策，鼓励企业增加创新投入。支持企业更多参与重大科技项目实施、科研平台建设，推进企业主导的产学研协同创新。大力发展众创空间，增设国家自主创新示范区，办好国家高新区，发挥集聚创新要素的领头羊作用。中小微企业大有可为，要扶上马、送一程，使“草根”创新蔚然成风、遍地开花。

 

Enterprises play a leading role in technological innovation. We will implement and improve preferential policies, such as extra tax deductions for research and development costs and policies that support new- and high-technology enterprises, so as to encourage enterprises to increase their spending on innovation. We will encourage enterprise involvement in implementing major science and technology projects and building research platforms, and promote collaborative innovation by bringing together enterprises, academia, and research institutes, with enterprises playing the leading role.

 

We will work hard to develop the right environment for creativity, establishing more national innovation demonstration zones, ensuring the smooth functioning of new- and high-technology national development zones, and enabling them to play a leading role in boosting innovation. Medium, small, and micro businesses can accomplish great things. We need to give them a leg up to get them going. With these efforts, China’s grassroots innovation can sprout up and grow strong, bringing flowers of creation to every field.

 

提高创新效率重在优化科技资源配置。要改革中央财政科技计划管理方式，建立公开统一的国家科技管理平台。政府重点支持基础研究、前沿技术和重大关键共性技术研究，鼓励原始创新，加快实施国家科技重大项目，向社会全面开放重大科研基础设施和大型科研仪器。把亿万人民的聪明才智调动起来，就一定能够迎来万众创新的浪潮。

 

To make innovation deliver, effective allocation of science and technology resources is crucial. We need to reform the management of science and technology plans funded by the central government to establish an open and unified national science and technology management platform. With the focus on supporting basic research, research in cutting-edge technologies, and key technologies that have a broad application, the government will encourage original innovation and move faster to launch major national science and technology projects. We will enable open access to the country’s major science and research infrastructure facilities as well as large-scale or costly research equipment. By giving free rein to the talent and ingenuity of the Chinese people, we will welcome in a new high tide of popular innovation.

 

来源：新华网

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