Keynote Address at the Opening of the 15th Session of the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN)
在第十五届非洲部长级环境会议开幕式上的主旨发言
UN Under-Secretary-General and UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner
联合国副秘书长、联合国环境规划署执行主任阿奇姆·施泰纳
Cairo, 4 March 2015
2015年3月4日，开罗
Your Excellency Mr. Ibrahim Mahlab, Prime Minister of the Arab Republic of Egypt,
Dr. Binilith Mahenge, President of the African Ministerial Conference of the Environment and Minister of State for Environment, United Republic of Tanzania,
Dr. Khaled Fahmy, Minister of Environment of Egypt,
Madam Rhoda Peace Tumusiime, African Union Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture,
Ms. Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
Mr. Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, Executive Secretary, Convention on Biological Diversity,
Ms. Naoko Ishii, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson, Global Environment Facility (GEF),
Ms. Annick Girardin, Minister of State for Development, France,
Mr. Tom Makela, Representative of the EU Commissioner for Development,
Dr. Ibrahim Mayaki, Chief Executive Officer, NEPAD Planning and Coordination Agency,
Ms. Anita Nirody, UN Resident Coordinator, Egypt,
Ministers and Heads of delegations, Ambassadors and Members of the Diplomatic Corps,
Representatives of International Organizations, Civil Society and the Private Sector,
Esteemed guests, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen,
尊敬的阿拉伯埃及共和国总理易卜拉欣·马赫莱卜阁下，
非洲部长级环境会议主席 坦桑尼亚联合共和国环境事务部部长 比尼里斯·马亨盖博士，
埃及环境部部长哈立德·法赫米博士，
非盟农业及农村经济事务委员罗达·图木西姆女士，
联合国气候变化框架公约执行秘书克里斯蒂娜·菲格雷斯女士，
生物多样性公约执行秘书布劳略·费雷拉·德索萨·迪亚斯先生，
全球环境基金（GEF）首席执行官兼主席石井直子女士，
法国发展事务国务秘书阿尼克·吉拉尔丹女士，
欧盟发展委员代表汤姆·马卡拉先生，
“非洲发展新伙伴计划”规划协调局首席执行官易卜拉欣·马亚基博士，
联合国系统驻埃及协调代表阿尼塔·尼罗迪女士，
各位部长、各方代表团团长、各位大使及外交使团成员，
国际组织、民间组织及私营部门代表，
尊敬的各位来宾、各位同仁、女士们、先生们，
For the first time since its inauguration here in Cairo in 1985, the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment (AMCEN) returns to its original birth place to celebrate its ‘coming of age’ thirtieth anniversary by convening this landmark session under the slogan: “From Cairo to Cairo – Thirty Years of Environmental Stewardship”.
自1985年开办至今，非洲部长级环境会议首次回到了发源地——开罗，以庆祝其三十华诞。此次会议具有里程碑意义，主题被定为“回归开罗——环境管理三十年”。
On this occasion, I extend my warmest congratulations to AMCEN and Africa’s leadership for having ably steered environmental governance across the continent for the last three decades; inspiring action, pioneering reform and charting a durable path towards sustainability and better lives and livelihoods for all.
值此之际，我衷心地祝贺非洲部长级环境会议以及非洲领导层在环境治理领域取得了辉煌成就。在过去的三十年中，各位锐意进取、大胆改革，开辟出了一条可持续发展的道路，增进了福祉，惠及全体非洲人民。
UNEP has been privileged to serve as the secretariat of AMCEN for the last 30 years and we look forward to continuing this role into the future.
回顾过去的三十年，联合国环境署有幸兼任了非洲部长级环境会议秘书处一职。展望未来，我们期待能够继续担任好这一重要角色。
On behalf all present here, I extend our deepest appreciation to the Government and People of the Arab Republic of Egypt for generously hosting this historic session of the AMCEN. Your warm hospitality and impeccable organization are testament to Egypt’s leadership at this critical moment in time.
我谨代表全体与会成员，向埃及政府及人民致以最诚挚的谢意，感谢你们举办这次具有历史性意义的盛会。你们的款待热情周到、你们的筹备无可挑剔，在这一关键时刻有力地证明了埃及出色的领导能力。
Excellencies, colleagues,
尊敬的各位阁下、各位同仁，
By all accounts, 2015 is a crucial year for global and regional action on the environment and sustainable development. A few months from now, the world will adopt a Post-2015 Development Agenda and a set of Sustainable Development Goals that will define a path for the next generation of development.
2015年是各地区乃至世界范围内应对环境可持续发展问题关键的一年。几个月后，我们将采纳“2015后国际发展议程”和一系列可持续发展目标，为下一代的环境发展开辟道路。
At the same time, the month of December will witness the convening of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP21, the objective of which is to achieve a legally binding and universal agreement on climate change.
此外，第二十一届联合国气候变化大会将于今年12月份举行。该会议旨在落实一项关于气候变化问题的通用法定协议。
Indeed, the coming months will determine how Africa’s development priorities and climate change common position are articulated and reflected in the context of global negotiations.
毋庸置疑，关于非洲发展重点、气候变化共同立场事宜的相关表述将于未来几个月得以决定并会反映到国际会谈的大背景之中。
The work you are undertaking will influence the future of generations to come. It is a grave responsibility that also carries myriad opportunities for the future welfare, prosperity, and development of the continent and its people.
各位所从事的工作将会对子孙后代产生影响。我们肩负着重大的责任，同时也拥有着无限的机遇来实现非洲大陆的繁荣发展、非洲人民的幸福安康。
Conserving Natural Capital
保护自然资源
Africa, the world’s second-largest continent, holds a huge proportion of the world’s natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable.
非洲是世界第二大洲，可再生及非可再生资源的蕴藏量占世界总储量的比重很大。
According to the African Development Bank:
非洲发展银行统计资料显示：
– About 30 per cent of the world’s mineral reserves are in Africa,
·非洲矿储量约占世界矿储藏量总量的30%
– The continent has 8 per cent of the world’s natural gas reserves,
·天然气储量的8%
– 12 per cent of its oil reserves,
·石油储量的12%
– 40 per cent of its gold,
·金储量的四成
– and 80-90 per cent of its chromium and platinum.
·铬和铂总量的80-90%
– Africa holds 65 per cent of the world’s arable land,
·可耕地总面积的65%
– 10 per cent of internal renewable fresh water sources.
·内部可再生水资源总量的十分之一
– The African fisheries sector is estimated to be worth $24 billion.
·非洲渔业产值高达240亿美元左右
Natural capital is a critical asset, especially for low-income countries, in which it constitutes around 36 per cent of total wealth.
自然资源是一项关键的资产，对于低收入国家尤为重要，占总收入的36%左右。
Ecosystem services such as water, hydrologic regulation, soil fertility, biodiversity, climate change adaptation etc. underpin Africa’s economic sectors like energy, tourism and agriculture.
生态系统服务包括水资源供应、水文及土壤肥力调节、生物多样性保持以及气候变化适应等，它们支持着非洲能源、旅游和农业等经济部门的发展。
In 2012, natural resources accounted for 77 per cent of total exports and 42 per cent of Government revenue. Over 70 per cent of people living in sub-Saharan Africa depend on forests and woodlands for their livelihoods. Land in Africa is an economic development asset as well as a socio-cultural resource.
2012年，自然资源占非洲总出口的77%，政府财政收入的42%。撒哈拉以南非洲70%人口靠林吃饭。对于非洲而言，土地不仅是经济发展的资产，也是一种社会文化资源。
However, key natural capital assets continue to be used in an unsustainable manner. This means that the stream of economic and social benefits generated from these resources is being reduced over time:
然而，对于重要自然资源的开发利用仍不可持续，开发带来的社会经济效益日益减少。
– ADB reports that parts of Africa lose 50 tonnes of soil per hectare per year, which substantially reduces agricultural productivity and rural incomes,
·非洲发展银行报告显示，非洲部分地区土壤年流失量高达50顿每公顷，大大降低了农业生产力和农村收入；
– Fish catches have reduced substantively due to unsustainable levels of fishing, including illegal fishing,
·包括非法捕鱼在内的不可持续的捕鱼方式导致捕鱼量骤降；
– Deforestation continues to be a major challenge.
·滥砍滥伐问题仍是我们所面临的一个严峻挑战。
There is an urgent need to step up regional and national efforts and to consider natural capital valuation in decision making in order to harness the full potential of Africa’s rich endowments and to employ the competitive advantage offered as an engine for inclusive economic growth.
要想实现非洲资源的最优化利用并依托资源优势拉动经济发展，就迫切需要非洲地区及非洲各国加大工作力度，迫切需要将自然资本价值因素纳入决策考量之中。
At the same time we need to be proud of what we have achieved. Today, all 54 African states have the established structures and mechanisms required to achieve sound natural resources management, which underpin development across all sectors and a life of dignity for all.
当然，我们也应当看到已经取得的骄人成绩。目前，所有非洲国家均已建立起完善的自然资源管理机制。这54个国家所拥有各项管理机制推进了各行业领域的发展，并加快了“人人都能有尊严地生活”目标的实现。
On Climate Change
气候变化
The harsh impacts of climate change pose an imminent danger to lives and development efforts everywhere across the developed or developing world.
气候变化的恶劣影响将对世界各国人民的生存和发展造成威胁。
Yet, the science shows that Africa is the continent where a rapidly changing climate is expected to deviate earlier than across any other continent from “normal” changes; making adaptation a matter of urgency.
但是，科学研究表明非洲大陆迅速变化的气候有可能比其他大陆更早地偏离“正常”变化；因此适应气候变化已经刻不容缓。
According to UNEP’s 2014 Emissions Gap Report, in order to limit global temperature rise to 2°C and head off the worst impacts of climate change, global carbon neutrality should be attained by mid-to-late century. This would also keep in check the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be emitted into the atmosphere while staying within safe temperature limits beyond 2020.
根据联合国环境规划署发布的《2014年排放差距报告》，为确保全球温度升高不超过2 ˚C并阻止气候变化造成灾难性后果，应当在本世纪中后期实现全球碳中和。同时，控制释放至大气中的二氧化碳的最大限额，并在2020年以后保持在安全温度限额内。
Exceeding an estimated budget of just 1,000 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (Gt CO2) would increase the risk of severe, pervasive, and in some cases irreversible climate change impacts.
超过1000亿吨二氧化碳（Gt CO2）的预算会增加产生严重的、普遍的、甚至不可逆的气候变化影响的风险。
The latest edition of the Africa Adaptation Gap report indicates that extensive areas of Africa will exceed 2°C by the last two decades of this century relative to the late 20th century mean annual temperature.
最新版的《非洲适应差距报告》表明，到本世纪的最后二十年，非洲大部分地区将比20世纪末的年平均气温高出2 ˚C。
This would have a severe impact on agricultural production, food security, human health and water availability.
这将对农业生产，食品安全，人类健康和可利用水资源造成严重的影响。
In a 4˚C world, projections for Africa suggest sea levels could rise faster than the global average and reach 80 cm above current levels by 2100 along the Indian and Atlantic Ocean coastlines, with particularly high numbers of people at risk of flooding in the coastal cities of Mozambique, Tanzania, Cameroon, Egypt, Senegal and Morocco.
对非洲的预测表明，如果全球气温上升4˚C，印度洋和大西洋沿岸海平面上升的速度可能会超过全球平均速度，到2100年将比现在的海平面高出80cm，莫桑比克，坦桑尼亚，喀麦隆，埃及，塞内加尔和摩洛哥等沿海城市的众多人口将遭受洪灾。
Under these scenarios, adaptation costs will reach US $50 billion annually by mid-century.
在这样的情况下，到本世纪中期，年均适应开支将达500亿美元。
The only insurance against climate change impacts is ambitious global mitigation action in the long-run combined with large-scale, rapidly increasing and predictable funding for adaptation. Investment in building resilience must continue to be a top funding priority, including as an integral part of national development planning.
要避免气候变化的影响就必须采取长期的全球减排行动，并为适应气候变化进行大规模的、不断增加的、可预期的投资。必须继续将复原能力建设作为投资的首要对象，并作为国家发展计划中的不可缺少的一部分。
We hope that the scientific studies presented to the meeting will help inform AMCEN, the African Group of Negotiators and CAHOSCC in their efforts to ensure that the continents’ priorities and aspirations are well reflected in international agreements.
Vienna Convention Celebrates 30 Years & Eliminating HFCs
庆祝《维也纳公约》签署30周年及消除氢氟烃
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen,
各位阁下，女士们，先生们，
Two weeks from today, the world will mark another 30th Anniversary; that of the adoption of the Vienna Convention.
即日起两周后，世界将迎来一个30周年纪念日：即《维也纳公约》签署30周年。
The efforts, commitment, collaboration and action by the parties to the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol towards protecting the ozone layer continue to serve as a model for united action globally.
各缔约国为保护臭氧层而共同努力，签订了《维也纳公约》和《蒙特利尔协议书》，这一合作一直是全球联合行动的榜样。
The Montreal Protocol has so far led to the phase-out of 98 per cent of the historic levels of production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances globally. As a result of thirty years of concerted global efforts, up to 2 million cases of skin cancer may be prevented each year by 2030 and the ozone layer is healing. The international community has demonstrated what humanity is capable of achieving when nations reconcile their different needs and act as one on a global challenge.
《蒙特利尔协议书》如今已使全球消耗臭氧层物质的生产和消费的历史水平逐步降低了98%。通过各国30年的共同努力，到2030年，每年的皮肤癌病例将减少达200万，臭氧层也正在恢复。国际社会已经证明，只要各国求同存异团结起来应对全球性挑战，就一定能够取胜。
African countries should be proud of their immense contribution to global efforts to protect the ozone layer. All 54 countries in Africa are parties to the Convention and its Protocol and all of its amendments, and have demonstrated unyielding commitment to the ongoing mission of ozone protection.
非洲各国有理由为他们在保护臭氧层的全球行动中所做出的巨大贡献而感到骄傲。非洲54个国家都是《维也纳公约》和《蒙特利尔协议书》及其修订案的缔约国，并在臭氧保护的持续性任务中表现出坚定的信念。
UNEP supports and works closely with the 54 National Ozone Officers across Africa. Over the years, the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol has provided African countries with US$286 million for the phase-out of over 23,700 tonnes of ozone-depleting substances. This includes over US$32 million supporting National Ozone Units in 53 countries.
联合国环境规划署扶持并与非洲54个国家臭氧办公室密切合作。多年以来，实施《蒙特利尔协议书》的多边基金已为非洲各国提供了2.86亿美元，逐步淘汰了2.37多万吨消耗臭氧层物质。其中包括扶持53国国家臭氧机构的3200多万美元。
The Fund is also supporting the world’s newest country, South Sudan, in phasing out controlled substances by providing funding for institutional assistance and for preparation of a phase-out plan that would be funded once it has been completed.
该基金也帮助世界最新的国家南苏丹逐步淘汰管制物质，为其制度援助和逐步淘汰计划提供基金，逐步淘汰计划一旦完成就会得到资助。
With the Fund’s assistance, African countries were able to completely phase out the consumption of ozone-depleting substances chlorofluorocarbons, halons and carbon tetrachloride ahead of schedule.
在基金的援助下，非洲各国得以提前完全停止氯氟烃，哈龙和四氯化碳等消耗臭氧层物质的消费。
Now, in the meetings of the Montreal Protocol, parties discuss a new challenge: HFCs.
如今，在《蒙特利尔协议书》的会议中，各缔约国正在讨论一项新的挑战：氢氟烃。
Like the ozone-depleting substances they replace, most HFCs are potent greenhouse gases. Though HFCs currently represent a small fraction of the total greenhouse gas emissions, their global-warming-potential is very high, and their emissions could rise even up to 40% of annual carbon dioxide emissions by the middle of the century if society continues to accelerate their use. This could offset the climate benefits achieved by the Montreal Protocol.
同其所替代的消耗臭氧层物质一样，大部分氢氟烃是强效温室气体。虽然氢氟烃目前在温室气体排放中只占一小部分，但它们使全球变暖的潜力非常大，到本世纪中叶，如果社会继续增加氢氟烃的使用，则它们的排放可能使年均二氧化碳排放量增加40%。
The parties will have to decide whether the mechanisms and institutional infrastructure of the Montreal Protocol could be leveraged to address the urgent task of managing HFCs to protect the climate.
《蒙特利尔协议书》的机制和机构基础设施能否用来解决管理氢氟烃、保护气候的紧急任务，各方必须做出决定。
Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals
非洲与可持续发展目标
Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen,
各位阁下，女士们，先生们，
Environmental sustainability is a pre-requisite for sustainable socio-economic development and poverty alleviation.
环境的可持续发展是社会经济可持续发展和扶贫的前提条件。
Integrated solutions can generate structural and transformative change and will help ensure that the Post-2015 Development Agenda are inspirational, inclusive and universal.
综合性的解决方案可以带来结构性、根本性的变革，并将有助于确保2015年后发展议程的激励性、包容性和普遍性。
As we move forward towards the September 2015 Summit, the international community will need to focus its efforts on reforming and retooling governance structures at all levels for greater integration, transparency and accountability.
在我们向2015年9月的峰会迈进之时，国际社会需要将努力重点放在改革改组各层级政府结构上，以实现更协调、透明和负责任的目标。
At the same time, the evolving SDGs show that efforts to eradicate energy poverty, promote universal access to cleaner forms of energy, and double energy efficiency-if fully realized-would go a long way towards putting the world on a path consistent with the climate target.
同时，正在制定的可持续发展目标（SDGs）表明，要真正消除能源贫困、普及清洁型能源、并将能源效率提高一倍，还需要全世界很长时间的共同努力，并需要与气候目标相协调。
Not only does energy efficiency reduce or avoid greenhouse emissions, but it can also increase productivity and sustainability through the delivery of energy savings, and support social development by increasing employment and energy security.
提高能源效率不仅能够减少或避免温室气体的排放，还可以通过节约能源提高生产效率和可持续性，并通过提高就业率和能源安全支持社会发展。
For example:
例如：
– It is estimated that between 2015 and 2030, energy efficiency improvements worldwide could avoid at least 2.5-3.3 Gt CO2 annually.
·据估计2015到2030年间，世界范围内能源效率的提高可减少至少年均2.5-3.3 亿吨二氧化碳的排放。
– About half the countries in the world have national policies for promoting more efficient use of energy in buildings.
·世界约半数的国家拥有鼓励提高建筑物能源使用效率的国家政策。
– A growing number of national policies promote electricity generation using renewable sources, reducing transport demand and modes, reducing process-related emissions from industry, and advancing sustainable agriculture.
·越来越多的国家政策鼓励使用可再生能源发电，减少运输需求和方式，降低工业过程中的排放，促进可持续农业的发展。
Such transformational policies present great opportunities for Africa.
此类转换型政策为非洲带来巨大的机遇。
Conclusion
结论
Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen,
各位阁下，女士们、先生们，
The world stands at a cross roads. Pivotal to the success of international efforts to move forward on climate change and sustainable development will be how principles translate into policy at the international, regional and national levels. And it is only when we see key sustainability principles translated into national development planning that we will know our common efforts have paid off.
世界站在十字路口。只有当我们看到关键的可持续性原则转化为国家发展规划，我们会知道我们共同的努力得到了回报。
This AMCEN meeting is the culmination of 3 decades of inspiring and untiring efforts. The decisions you reach here have the potential to define the fate of the continent for the future.
I wish you a fruitful meeting and once again our sincere thanks to the Government of Egypt for hosting this landmark event.
我希望这将是一次卓有成效的会议，我们再次真诚感谢埃及政府主办了这次具有里程碑意义的事件。
Thank you.
谢谢大家！
来源：UNEP
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