构建以合作共赢为核心的东亚伙伴关系
Building an East Asia Partnership of Win-Win Cooperation
──外交部副部长刘振民在慕尼黑安全会议“亚太地缘政治”小组讨论上的发言
– Remarks by H.E. Liu Zhenmin, Vice Foreign Minister of the People’s Republic of China, at “Asia-Pacific Geopolitics” Munich Security Conference
2015年2月6日 慕尼黑
Munich, 6 February 2015
主席先生，
女士们、先生们：
Mr. Chairman,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高兴参加此次会议。二战结束70年来，全球地缘政治发生很大变化，最为突出的表现是，亚太的地位和作用不断上升，东亚已成为继欧盟和北美之后的世界经济第三极。谈到“亚太地缘政治”，基础的问题是怎么看亚太地区形势？核心是东亚能否保持繁荣稳定？这是各界都很关心的问题。
It’s my great pleasure to join this panel. My remarks will be focused on the issue of Building an East Asia Partnership of Win-win Cooperation.
Over the past 70 years since the end of World War II, one of the leading trends in global geopolitics has been the rising role of the Asia-Pacific region. East Asia became the third pillar of the global economy together with Europe and North America.
客观判断东亚地区形势，需要多维视角。从时间坐标看，东亚历经“热战”和冷战，一些残余至今尚存，但总的趋势是从动荡走向和平、从对抗走向合作、从贫穷走向繁荣，并且有望延续下去。从空间坐标看，当今世界仍不太平，东欧和中东战火重燃，国际金融危机的深层次影响仍未消除，而东亚保持总体稳定和较快发展，成为世界经济增长的重要引擎。环顾全球，东亚称得上是最具发展活力和希望的地区。
In the past decades, the East Asia region has been moving from conflict to peace, from confrontation to cooperation and from poverty to prosperity though some legacy left over from the Cold War still remains. Looking around the world, East Asia is a region of hope and serves as an important driver for global growth.
东亚的成就主要得益于亚洲的整体振兴，继日本之后，韩国、中国和东盟等一批亚洲新兴力量群体性崛起。这种群体性崛起得益于多个原因。
The rise of East Asia is part of a larger story of rejuvenation of Asia. Japan, the Republic of Korea, China, Southeast Asian countries have been rising as a group. They took an active part in globalization and achieved common development.
一是东亚国家过去20多年积极参与经济全球化，优势互补，共同发展。这种群体性的和平发展方式，是国际关系民主化的体现，使地区权力更加平衡，有力保障了地区和平稳定。
This has contributed to greater democratization of international relations, more even balance of power and stronger foundation for peace and stability in the region.
二是东亚国家坚持发展优先，着力改善民生，找到了适合自己的发展道路，找到了解决各种复杂问题的“总钥匙”。
East Asian countries have found a path of development that suits them well and provides a solid basis for tackling challenges.
三是东亚国家本着开放包容的精神，扎实推进地区经济一体化，积极拓展跨区域合作，较好地实现了融合发展。东盟今年将建成共同体，东亚已形成东盟+１、东盟+中日韩、东亚峰会及中日韩三国合作等多个区域合作机制。
East Asia has remained an open and inclusive region, where regional cooperation and economic integration is moving forward. ASEAN will set up the very first sub-regional community in Asia this year.
And vibrant multilateral frameworks such as ASEAN+1, ASEAN+China, Japan and the ROK, China-Japan-ROK cooperation and the EAS have brought the region closer together.
在推进区域合作过程中，亚洲国家形成了相互尊重、协商一致、照顾各方舒适度的合作精神，培育了合作共赢的理念和习惯。这是亚洲各国友好相处、妥处矛盾分歧的宝贵经验，也为未来亚太保持繁荣稳定探索出了路径。
Furthermore, East Asian countries successfully fostered a model of cooperation that calls for mutual respect, consensus building, win-win, and accommodating the comfort level of all parties.
These principles are gained through efforts to maintain friendly relations and properly manage differences. They also provide valuable experience for sustaining the prosperity and stability of the Asia-Pacific region.
与欧洲相比，东亚多样性更加突出，政治制度、宗教文化、历史传统、发展阶段的差异性更大。从东亚的经验看，志同道合是伙伴，求同存异也可以成为伙伴。在60年前的万隆会议上，中国总理周恩来就倡议，亚洲国家应求同存异、和平共处。60年来，亚洲国家总体践行了这一原则。
Compared with Europe, East Asia is defined by its diversity in political systems, religions, culture, historical traditions and level of development. As we see from the East Asian experience, those who share the same vision and values are partners; those who seek common ground while shelving differences can also be partners.
At the Bandung Conference six decades ago, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai proposed that Asian nations seek common ground while shelving differences and pursue peaceful coexistence. This principle has served Asia well in the past 60 years.
依敝人之见，东亚保持繁荣稳定，关键要坚持合作共赢：
In my humble view, the key to continued prosperity and stability of East Asia lies in embracing the spirit of cooperation for win-win results.
第一，政治上平等相待是合作共赢的前提。地区国家无论大小贫富，都有自主选择符合国情发展道路的权利，任何国家都不能将自己的模式强加于人。
First, political equality is the basis for win-win cooperation. Countries, big or small, rich or poor, all have the right to choose their own model of development. No country should impose its own model on others.
大国之间要理性看待对方战略意图。中方一直推动中美积极构建不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢的新型大国关系，双方同意在亚太构建积极互动与合作格局。中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系保持高水平发展，秉持结伴而不结盟的原则，不针对第三方。中方一直坚持中日应在四个政治文件基础上发展两国战略互惠关系。
Major countries should perceive each other’s strategic intentions in a rational way. China has been working with the US to build a new model of major-country relationship based on no-conflict, no-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. Both sides are committed to strengthening cooperation in the Asia-Pacific.
The China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination has shown a strong momentum. This relationship is based on non-alignment, and not targeting any third party.
China is ready to further develop its strategic relationship of mutual benefit with Japan on the basis of the four political documents between the two sides.
中小国家没有必要也不应该在大国之间选边站队，大国也不应谋求势力范围。地区事务应由地区国家平等协商处理，不可能再由某个国家或集团来主导。
Medium and small countries should not have to take sides, nor should major countries seek to establish spheres of influence. Regional affairs should be handled through equal consultations. They can no longer be dominated by any one country or bloc of countries.
第二，经济上融合发展是合作共赢的基础。东盟和中、日、韩三国已就2020年建成东亚经济共同体达成共识，RCEP和中日韩自贸谈判正积极向前推进，对实现这一共识将起到重要促进作用。东亚合作是亚太合作的重要组成部分，与APEC可以优势互补。亚太国家应秉持开放的区域主义，推动太平洋东西两岸实现发展对接，TPP和RCEP可协调推进，共同为亚太自贸区建设提供助力。各方还应促进基础设施、政策规制、人员往来的全面融合，打造亚太互联互通新格局。
Second, economic integration is the foundation for win-win cooperation. ASEAN and China, Japan and ROK formulated a vision for an East Asia Economic Community by 2020. The RCEP and the China-Japan-Korea FTA negotiations will go a long way to fulfilling this vision.
East Asia regional cooperation, as part of Asia-Pacific cooperation, is a good complement to APEC. Asia-Pacific countries should embrace open regionalism and align their development across the Pacific.
TPP and RCEP can be pursued in a coordinated way. They both contribute to the building of an Asia-Pacific FTA.
Countries should also promote connectivity of infrastructure, policy-making and of people, to weave a strong network of connectivity in the Asia-Pacific region.
中方提出并积极推动建设“一带一路”、亚洲基础设施投资银行，是着眼于促进亚洲地区经济融合提出的中国方案。这些倡议具有很强的包容性和开放性，将由相关国家共商、共建、共享，遵循通行国际规则，按照现代管理模式运作，与既有机制并行不悖，相互促进。
China proposed the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st century Maritime Silk Road initiatives and setting up of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to promote regional economic integration.
These initiatives are open and inclusive, and follow international rules and norms. They will be implemented through consultation, sharing and joint undertaking with interested partners. Existing regional frameworks will be utilized as much as possible.
第三，寻求共同安全是合作共赢的保障。21世纪不再是零和博弈的冷战时代，东西方之间也不再是你输我赢的关系。各国安危与共，应牢固树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观。从阿拉伯之春、中亚“颜色革命”再到乌克兰危机，有关国家应深刻反思，不能让这一幕在亚洲上演。
Third, common security provides a major safeguard for win-win cooperation. In the 21st century, we should no longer work on the premise of a zero-sum game between the East and the West. Our security is all tied together. Common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security should be pursued.
From the so-called Arab Spring to the “Color Revolutions” in Central Asia to the crisis in Ukraine, there should be some deep reflection by the countries concerned. Similar occurrences should not happen in East Asia.
今年适逢二战结束70周年，如何看待历史，关乎亚太未来。有什么样的历史观就会有什么样的安全观。历史不容否认，更不容篡改。只有正视历史，才能面向未来。全球化时代，和平发展是唯一可行的道路。任何国家偏离这一道路，结果都将是灾难性的。德国树立了很好的榜样，赢得邻国和全世界尊重。有关国家应引以为鉴，避免历史问题成为亚太地缘政治的负资产。
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. Historical perception will be a major issue that bears on the future of the Asia-Pacific.
History is never to be denied, still less falsified. Only by facing up to history can one look to the future. Germany has set a shining example in this regard. Any departure from the road of peaceful development will bring disastrous outcomes.
The relevant countries should learn from this example and not let the historical issue be a strategic burden in the Asia-Pacific.
维护亚太长治久安，关键在于构建符合地区实际的安全架构。亚太短期内无法形成类似欧盟高度机制化、覆盖整个地区的安全架构。欧盟的经验可以借鉴，但不能照搬到亚太。
In contrast to Europe, it would be difficult for the Asia Pacific to put in place a unified security system in the near future. Europe’s experience can be a useful reference but not transplanted in the building of a security architecture for the Asia Pacific region.
亚太各次区域建有一些多边安全对话合作机制，包括东盟主导的多边对话平台以及上海合作组织、六方会谈等。这些机制秉持合作安全理念，寻求地区国家共同安全，具有较强包容性，顺应时代潮流，符合地区国家需求，代表了地区安全合作的发展方向，影响力不断扩大。
The Asia-Pacific is home to a range of multilateral security frameworks, such as the ASEAN-led forums, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Six Party Talks. These frameworks generally follow the principles of common and cooperative security, and are inclusive. Their influence has been growing. They represent the direction of regional security cooperation.
东亚国家间的领土和海洋权益问题涉及当事国根本利益和国民感情，既要尊重国际法也要尊重历史事实，需要统筹兼顾、综合施策。最有效的方法是由直接相关方通过协商谈判和平解决。其他国家介入只会使问题更复杂。争议解决前，应加强对话合作，管控分歧，避免小事件影响地区大环境。
East Asia faces territorial and maritime disputes, which bear on the fundamental interests and national feelings of relevant countries. The most effective way to address these disputes is consultations or negotiations by countries directly concerned on the basis of respecting international law and historical facts.
Outside intervention will only complicate the situation. Countries should maintain dialogue and effectively manage disputes, so that small incidents will not affect the bigger region.
东亚地区还存在美国双边军事同盟体系问题。双边军事同盟体系的存在与演变，关系东亚安全合作与经济一体化如何协调推进。我们希望军事同盟体系能与时俱进，同多边安全机制加强融合，共同推动构建满足各方需要的安全架构。
In East Asia there are also bilateral military alliances. Security cooperation and economic integration in the region should reinforce each other. It is our hope that these alliances will advance with the times, and cooperate more with multilateral security frameworks, to jointly contribute to building a security architecture that meets the needs of all sides.
朝鲜半岛核问题关系半岛及东北亚和平稳定。各方应拿出诚意，采取灵活务实的做法，重启六方会谈，尽快找到各方接受的解决办法。中方坚持实现半岛无核化、坚持维护半岛和平稳定、坚持通过对话协商以和平方式解决问题。
The nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula is key to peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in Northeast Asia. Parties concerned should show sincerity, and take a more flexible and pragmatic approach to restart the Six-Party Talks as early as possible.
China supports a nuclear-free Peninsula, peace and stability on the Peninsula, and peaceful resolution through dialogue and consultation.
东亚地区当前面临的最现实和突出的威胁来自于非传统安全领域。各方应加强合作，从应对自然灾害、恐怖主义、跨国犯罪、网络安全等具体领域入手，提供更多公共安全产品，形成体系并相互促进，为未来地区安全架构奠定基础。
The most real security risk for East Asia actually comes from non-traditional fields. We need to work together to fight natural disasters, terrorism, transnational crimes and challenges from cyber space. Closer cooperation in these areas will help lay the foundation for a security architecture in the region.
女士们，先生们，朋友们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
作为一个大国，中国深知自身的和平与发展身系亚太，亚太的前景与中国的未来息息相关。中方愿同地区国家共同努力，共同打造以合作共赢为核心的东亚伙伴关系，共同维护和促进亚太的持久繁荣稳定。
As a major country, China is fully aware that its peace and development is closely tied to that of the Asia Pacific region. We are ready to work with countries in the region to forge an East Asia partnership of win-win cooperation and together build an Asia-Pacific of lasting prosperity and stability.
谢谢大家。
Thank you.
来源：中国外交部网
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