李克强出席与世界经济论坛国际工商理事会代表对话会
Premier Li Keqiang Holds Dialogue with Representatives of International Business Council of World Economic Forum
当地时间2015年1月21日下午，国务院总理李克强在瑞士达沃斯出席与世界经济论坛国际工商理事会代表对话会，美国铝业公司董事长兼首席执行官柯菲德主持对话会。对话实录如下：
On the afternoon of 21 January 2015 local time, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council attended a dialogue session with members of the International Business Council of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. The session was moderated by Alcoa Chairman and CEO Klaus Kleinfeld. The following is the transcript of the dialogue.
李总理：女士们、先生们、朋友们！我昨天抵达苏黎世机场时还正下着雨，正如同我们面临的世界经济复苏乏力、世界的和平安宁受到威胁的情景。但是到了达沃斯，这里阳光灿烂。来自世界各地的企业家们特别是每一位和中国有着关系的企业家，你们给达沃斯带来了阳光！我很高兴到这里和你们对话！
Premier Li: Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, when I landed at the Zurich airport yesterday, it was drizzling, reminding me of the current world situation: a weak economic recovery and peace and stability facing threats. But when we got to Davos, it was all sunshine here. It is you, entrepreneurs from across the world, those having links with China in particular, who have brought sunshine to Davos. I am delighted to have this interaction with you.
柯菲德：如果我没记错的话，2013年下半年，中共召开了十八届三中全会，会议通过了关于全面深化改革的一系列重大决定，其中包括中国国有企业改革重组、刺激民间投资、外商投资以及竞争等许多方面。今年中国经济领域改革的重点将有哪些？考虑到今年也是中国“十二五”规划实施的最后一年，我也想了解中国目前在考虑制定的推动长期发展的规划。在座的各位企业家是工商企业界的代表，工商企业界能够为中国这方面的改革做些什么？
Klaus Kleinfield: If my memory serves me right, the Communist Party of China held the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee late 2013. A series of major decisions were adopted at the plenum, including reforming state-owned enterprises and encouraging private investment, foreign investment and competition. What will be the priorities of China’s economic reform this year? With 2015 being the last year for implementing the Twelfth Five-year Plan, I would like to know the long-term development plan that China envisages. How can the global business community help China advance reforms in these areas?
李总理：中国正在全面深化改革。中国经济发展的最大动力来自于人民对于美好生活的追求和改革开放。今年中国将继续推动重点领域改革。首先，要继续处理好政府和市场的关系，在政府改革方面迈出更坚实的步伐。新一届政府成立以来，我们已经取消和下放了三分之一的行政审批事项。与中国打交道的企业家们可能都知道，以前到中国做生意需要政府若干部门的审批，成立一个新的企业包括合资企业可能要盖几十个部门的公章，它既耽误时间，影响效率，也容易给寻租和腐败留下空间。我们今年下决心继续推进行政审批制度的改革，包括进一步取消那些不必要的证照许可和非行政许可，进行更大范围、更深广度的改革，目的是更大地激发市场活力，营造公平竞争的市场环境。我希望各位企业家将来在中国投资办事耗用的时间能够更少一点，需要交际的关系也可以更少一点，用更多的力量推动企业的发展。
Premier Li: China is deepening reform on all fronts. The most powerful drive for China’s economic development comes from our people’s aspiration for a better life and from reform and opening-up. This year, we will press ahead with reforms in key areas. First, we will continue to handle well the relationship between the government and the market, and take more solid steps in government reform. Since its inception, this government has slashed items that require State Council’s review and approval by one third. Entrepreneurs who have business in China may know that in the past, one had to seek the approval of several government departments before his business operations could get started in China. And applications for setting up new businesses, joint ventures included, may need to be approved by dozens of departments. Such a time-consuming process was inefficient and left room for rent-seeking and corruption. This year, we are determined to continue the reform of the administrative approval system, abolishing unnecessary requirements for licenses and certificates as well as non-administrative approval items. Reform will take place in wider areas and at deeper levels. The purpose is to unleash greater market vitality and foster a level playing field. I hope that for all the business people coming to invest in China, it will take them less time to get things done and there will be lesser a need for them to build networks of connections. This way, they could channel more energy into developing businesses.
第二，我们要推进财税和金融等重点领域的改革。财政领域，要全面公开财政预算，财政投入应更多投向公共产品和公共服务领域，而不是在竞争性领域，避免造成不公平竞争。金融领域，我们将推动普惠金融的发展，大力发展中小银行、民营银行，发展多层次资本市场，使企业的杠杆率通过资本市场的发展、通过直接融资逐步降低。
Second, we will press ahead with fiscal, tax and financial reforms. In the fiscal field, all government budgets will be made public. Government spending will focus on supplying public goods and services rather than those competitive areas to avoid unfair competition. In the financial sector, we will promote financial inclusion, vigorously develop small and medium-sized banks as well as private banks, and build a multi-tiered capital market, so that businesses can gradually reduce their leverage ratio through direct financing on the capital market.
第三，继续构建开放型体制。我们正探索实施准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，扩大服务业对外开放。对于外商在中国的投资，我们已经将审批制改为备案制，少数必须保留的审批变成核准。我们的改革是全面的，以上只是择其重点来说明。总之，中国开放的大门会开得越来越大，我们欢迎外国投资者。
Third, we will continue to build an open system. We are experimenting with a management model based on pre-establishment national treatment and a negative list, and further opening up the service sector. All foreign investments used to be subjected to government approval, whereas now most such investments only need to be reported to the government for record, and government approval is needed only in limited cases. In a word, our reform is a comprehensive one, and the above-mentioned areas are only some focuses. We will open our door wider and we welcome foreign investors.
至于你问到的中国发展规划，这个面就更宽了，我很难在这么短的时间里向你作出全面的回答，用一句话来说：我们将在今年全面完成“十二五”规划确定的主要任务。
As for China’s development plan, this is a question too broad to answer within a short time. In a nutshell, we will accomplish all major tasks set out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan this year.
雷诺－日产联盟董事长兼首席执行官戈恩：过去十几年我们多次来达沃斯出席论坛年会，每年对中国的发展都有浓厚兴趣，同时也会表达对中国某些领域发展的一些担忧，今年这个情况也不例外。我们看到中国的房地产行业正在降温，还面临着产能过剩、影子银行风险。目前，您觉得中国需要重点应对的风险挑战有哪些？
Carlos Ghosn, Chairman and CEO of Renault-Nissan Alliance: We’ve been attending the World Economic Forum in Davos in the past 10-plus years. Each year, there’s been a keen interest in China’s development, and there has also been worry about it in some areas. This year is no exception. We’ve seen a cooling real estate sector, over-capacity and risks from shadow banking. What do you think are the major risks and challenges that China needs to tackle?
李总理：近来中国房地产市场投资量和交易量确实出现了一些波动态势，引起各方面关注。但是我想强调的是，中国去年城镇人口又增加了1800万人，城镇化率又提高了1.04个百分点，中国现在城镇化率在55%左右。中国实现现代化必然会伴随着城镇化，对房地产的刚性需求是长期的。至于房地产市场在一定时间内出现调整，这也是正常的。
Premier Li: Indeed, there have been some fluctuations recently in the investment and transaction volumes of China’s property market, drawing attention from various sides. But I want to emphasize that China’s urban population increased by 18 million last year, adding another 1.04 percentage points to the urbanization rate, which now stands at about 55%. As urbanization pushes forward in the course of modernization in China, there will a long-term, inelastic demand for housing. And it is also normal for some adjustments to happen on the property market within a certain period of time.
中国政府希望房地产市场能够长期平稳健康发展。政府的主要任务是保障住房困难的群众拥有基本住房，实现全体人民住有所居。今年中国政府将加大城市棚户区改造力度。目前在城市棚户区里居住的约有1亿人左右，还有很多人住在城乡危房里。我们将加大这方面的投资力度，保障困难群众有基本住房，这从一个方面也说明中国住宅投资的需求是长期的，它也必然带动与此相关的行业和产品供给。
The Chinese government hopes to see long-term, steady and healthy growth of the property market. The government’s primary task is to ensure basic housing for people who can hardly afford it themselves so that everyone can have a place to live. This year, we will intensify efforts to rebuild run-down areas in cities. Now, about 100 million people live in such places and many others live in dilapidated housing in both urban and rural areas. We will scale up investment to ensure basic housing for people with difficulties. This shows from another angle that the housing investment demand in China will last and it will surely boost related industries and product supply.
至于影子银行，中国政府已经予以高度关注。去年我们就采取了一些措施，把金融机构的一些表外业务转入表内。我们的目的就是要把影子银行尽可能地全部纳入监管范围。中国的储蓄率超过50%，中国的银行有着充足的资产和呆坏账拨备，我们有能力监管影子银行活动，防范道德风险的发生，对于个别违规操作的活动我们将依法进行处置。世界上所有国家都未能彻底解决影子银行问题。虽然个别的风险会有一定发生的机率，但中国政府有能力确保不发生区域性、系统性金融风险。
The Chinese government has already paid high attention to shadow banking. Last year, we took measures to ensure that financial institutions put some off-balance-sheet businesses onto their balance sheets. We hope to put as many shadow banking activities under oversight as possible. In the meantime, I should point out that China’s savings rate has exceeded 50%, and Chinese banks have adequate capital and provisions for non-performing or bad debts. We are capable of regulating shadow banking activities and averting moral hazards, and individual irregularities will be handled in accordance with the law. No country in the world has ever been able to fully resolve the shadow banking issue. Although isolated risks might occur, the Chinese government is able to stave off regional and systemic financial risks.
美国杜邦集团董事长兼首席执行官柯爱伦：去年11月在北京举行亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议时，中国提出了一个具有历史性意义而且令人钦佩的承诺，即到2030年左右使二氧化碳排放达到峰值。考虑到中国对煤的消费量以及快速的城镇化进程，我想了解作为中国的伙伴，来自全球工商企业界的代表应如何帮助中国实现这一承诺？
Ellen Kullman, Chairman and CEO of DuPont: After the Beijing APEC meeting last November, China made a historic and commendable pledge to cap its CO2 emissions by 2030. Given China’s coal consumption and rapid urbanization, how can the global business community, as partners of China, help China deliver this commitment?
李总理：我很欣赏你提出气候变化问题。有哲人说过，环境是人很难决定或者完全左右的，但是人可以控制自己的行动。中国已经宣布到2030年左右使我们的碳排放达到峰值，而且要使非化石能源在整个能源消耗中占的比重达到20%，这需要经过坚持不懈甚至是艰苦努力，因为中国毕竟是一个拥有13亿多人口的发展中国家。你们都知道，中国在能源消费领域主要或者说70%左右依靠煤炭，这是中国的国情，是我们所拥有的资源决定的。我们下一步的努力就是要让化石能源在整个能源消耗中的比重，包括煤炭消耗的比重有所下降，同时努力推进清洁煤技术，这需要国际社会的帮助。很多发达国家在这方面有先进的技术，我们希望你们能够向中国出口清洁煤技术和产品，这是一个巨大的市场。中国是一个发展中大国，应对气候变化责无旁贷。我们积极应对气候变化，会在国际上承担应尽的责任。但我们主张“共同但有区别的责任”。中国将尽己所能，在发展中保护，在保护中发展，推动绿色经济、低碳经济发展，打造环保产业新的增长点。这对中国经济也会是巨大的拉动。我希望在座的包括汽车公司在内的相关企业朋友们，能同中国在新能源汽车等方面加强合作。更重要的是，中国自身受资源环境瓶颈制约，必须走绿色低碳发展道路，但这需要一个较长的过程。
Premier Li: I appreciate you raising the issue of climate change. A wise man once said that mankind can hardly control the environment, but they can control their own actions. China has announced that it will cap its CO2 emissions around 2030 and increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030. This requires persistent and even painstaking efforts as China, after all, is still a developing country with over 1.3 billion people. As you may know, coal accounts for about 70% in China’s energy mix. This is the reality we face, which is determined by our resource endowment. Going forward, we will endeavor to bring down the share of fossil fuels, coal included, in overall energy consumption. Meanwhile, we will promote clean coal technology and we need help from the international community in this respect. Many developed countries have advanced technologies in this field, and we hope you will export clean coal technology and products to China. There is a huge market here. As a major developing country, China shoulders unshirkable responsibility in tackling climate change. We have been active in meeting the challenge and will fulfill our due international responsibility. We also maintain that the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be upheld. China will do its best to achieve both environmental protection and development, pursue a green and low-carbon economy, and nurture the new growth driver of the environmental industry. This will give a strong boost to China’s economy. I hope that friends from relevant businesses, such as auto companies, will enhance cooperation with China in new energy vehicles. More importantly, given its resource and environment constraints, China knows full well that it must follow the path of green and low-carbon development. But this will need a rather long process.
英国渣打银行首席执行官冼博德：刚才您谈到中国进一步扩大开放以及加大融入世界经济和全球金融市场的力度。从我本人的角度，我看到中国在这一领域的发展是极其快速的。作为全球工商企业界代表，我们应该怎样帮助中国进一步全面融入世界经济，为中国实现改革目标做些什么？
Peter Sands, CEO of Standard Chartered: You mentioned just now that China is expanding opening up and intensifying efforts to integrate into the world economy and global financial market. From my perspective, I have seen rapid development in this field in China. How can the global business community help China get more integrated into the global economy and achieve its reform goals?
李总理：中国的金融和中国的发展一样，是越来越开放。你可能知道，前不久我们出台了“沪港通”这一重大举措，实际上它表明中国人民币离岸业务在进一步扩大，中国公民向国外投资和国外企业与公民向中国投资通过股票市场可以直接进行。当然，因为我们金融开放的时间不算长，中国金融的国际经验有限，“沪港通”也是有规模的，还在探索过程中。但是，我们正在适应市场的需求，有序地推进跨境贸易人民币结算、跨境投资人民币使用、离岸人民币业务发展。这次我到瑞士来，将和瑞士政府达成在瑞士这样一个国际金融中心建立人民币清算银行协议，我们会逐步推进人民币的全球清算机制，当然这还要根据中国的实力、经验和世界市场需要来进行。我将和瑞士政府共同见证签署中方给予瑞士500亿元人民币合格境外投资者配额协议。我相信通过人民币业务的离岸化，中国金融开放的大门会进一步打开，经验会越来越多。我们的目的是促进中国作为一个发展中大国的发展，维护世界金融体系的稳定，同时适应世界金融体系改革和市场发展的需求。
Premier Li: The financial sector in China, like its overall development, is getting increasingly open. You may know that not long ago we took the big step of launching the “Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect”. It signals further expansion of the RMB offshore businesses. Under this program, Chinese people can invest overseas and foreign companies and individuals can invest in China directly through the stock market. But given China’s short history of financial openness and modest international experience, the “Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect”, with a limit on its scale, is still in the process of exploration. Nevertheless, responding to the market demand, we are steadily advancing the use of RMB in settling cross-border trade, making cross-border investment and providing offshore financial services. During my visit to Switzerland, the Chinese and Swiss governments will sign an agreement on setting up an RMB clearing bank in this international financial center of Switzerland. China will phase in a global RMB clearing framework in light of its capability, experience and needs of the global markets. The two governments will also sign an agreement on China providing Switzerland with 50-billion-yuan quota of RQFII. I believe that with the growth of RMB offshore businesses, China’s financial sector will be more open and we will gain more experience in this process. Our aim is to facilitate the development of China as a major developing country, maintain stability of the global financial system, and meet the need of reforming the global financial system and market development.
柯菲德：我知道在座的人士还有许多的问题向您提出，但对话预定的时间已经到了！希望我们在今年大连达沃斯论坛上与您继续这一对话！
Klaus Kleinfield: I know that many of them have more questions for you, but we have run out of time. I hope we could continue the conversation at the Summer Davos in Dalian.
李总理：好的！
Premier Li: Certainly.
来源：中国外交部网
心译翻译工作室
