《公民道德建设实施纲要》英译本学习札记 |
2002年,中央编译局翻译出版了《公民道德建设实施纲要》的英译本,题目是Program for Improving Civic Morality。这是一个很好的译本。把原文和译文对照学习,一方面可以更好地领会文件的精神,一方面也可借以提高翻译能力,真是一举两得。 1. 社会主义道德建设是发展先进文化的重要内容。在新世纪全面建设小康社会,加快改革开放和现代化建设步伐,顺利实现第三步战略目标,必须在加强社会主义法制建设、依法治国的同时,切实加强社会主义道德建设、以德治国,把法制建设与道德建设、依法治国与以德治国紧密结合起来,通过公民道德建设的不断深化和拓展,逐步形成与发展社会主义市场经济相适应的社会主义道德体系。这是提高全民族素质的一项基础性工程,对弘扬民族精神和时代精神,形成良好的社会道德风尚,促进物质文明与精神文明协调发展,全面推进建设有中国特色社会主义伟大事业,具有十分重要的意义。 1. Improving1 socialist morality is an important aspect2 of developing an advanced culture. In the new century, we are building a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life, quickening the pace of reform, opening up and modernization, and attaining the strategic goals for the third stage. While we are strengthening the socialist legal system and the rule of the country by law, we must earnestly improve socialist morality, rule the country by virtue, and closely integrate the improvement of the legal system with the improvement of morality and the rule of the country by law with the rule of the country by virtue. Through a continuous process of deepening and broadening the improvement of civic morality, a socialist moral system suitable for our socialist market economy will gradually take shape and develop.3 This is a basic program for improving the quality of the whole Chinese nation. It has great significance for enhancing national spirit and a spirit of the times, cultivating good moral habits, coordinating material civilization with spiritual civilization, and advancing the great cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.4 注1. “建设”一词在这里译作improve是很恰当的,improving socialist morality是一个很好的搭配。我们一看见“建设”,往往首先想到construction,其实在很多情况下是不用这个词的。“建设”一词在这一段里多次出现。“建设小康社会”译作building a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life, “现代化建设”译作modernization,“加强社会主义法制建设”译作strengthening the socialist legal system,有时也译作improvement of the legal system. 究竟怎样译,全看具体情况而定。 2. 党的十一届三中全会特别是十四大以来,随着改革开放和现代化建设事业的深入发展,社会主义精神文明建设呈现出积极健康向上的良好态势,公民道德建设迈出了新的步伐。爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想日益深入人心,为人民服务精神不断发扬光大,崇尚先进、学习先进蔚然成风,追求科学、文明、健康生活方式已成为人民群众的自觉行动,社会道德风尚发生了可喜变化,中华民族的传统美德与体现时代要求的新的道德观念相融合,成为我国公民道德建设发展的主流。 2. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and especially since the Fourteenth National Congress of the CPC, along with the deepening of the reform and opening up and the modernization drive, positive, healthy improvements have occurred in the development of socialist spiritual civilization, and significant progress has been made in the improvement of civic morality.5 Patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideology increasingly fill people’s hearts. The spirit of serving the people is growing. Admiration and emulation of models have become commonplace.6 The people have begun pursuing scientific, culturally advanced and healthy lifestyles on their own initiative.7 Gratifying changes are occurring in the prevailing customs of social morality.8 The traditional morality of the Chinese people and new moral viewpoints that embody the needs of the times are merging. This becomes the main trend in the improvement of civic morality.9 注5. 这一句说明近年来精神文明建设和公民道德建设取得的成就。原文先是两个状语,接着是两个并列分句。译文基本上保留了这一结构,但两个并列分句的主语都发生了变化。这主要是考虑到主谓搭配的问题。因为在英文里若以the development of socialist spiritual civilization作主语,或就以socialist spiritual civilization作主语,都难以和谓语make improvements 相衔接。若以the improvement of civic morality作主语,也难以和谓语make progress 相衔接。因此,这两个分句就分别以improvements 和progress作主语了。 3. 但是,我国公民道德建设方面仍然存在着不少问题。社会的一些领域和一些地方道德失范,是非、善恶、美丑界限混淆,拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义有所滋长,见利忘义、损公肥私行为时有发生,不讲信用、欺骗欺诈成为社会公害,以权谋私、腐化堕落现象严重存在。这些问题如果得不到及时有效解决,必然损害正常的经济和社会秩序,损害改革发展稳定的大局,应当引起全党全社会高度重视。 3. However, there are still a number of problems in the improvement of civic morality.10 There are poor moral standards in some sectors of society and areas of the country.11 There, the distinctions between right and wrong, good and evil, and beauty and ugliness are blurred; and money worship, hedonism and extreme individualism are growing.12 Forsaking principle for profit and lining one’s pocket at public expense are frequent occurrences.13 Deceit and fraud have become a public scourge, and abuse of power for personal benefit and corrupt and degenerate phenomena are very serious.14 If these problems cannot be solved in a timely and effective way, they will inevitably disrupt the normal economic and social orders and adversely affect reform, development and stability. Therefore, the whole Party and society at large should attach great importance to them.15 注10. “存在”没有译作exist,而是用了there are这一句型,这是一种常见的译法。 |
作者:庄绎传
庄绎传 北京外国语大学教授(参加过毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇著作英译本的翻译和修订工作。主要著作和译著有:《汉英翻译五百例》、汉译《白衣女人》(第3部)、《英汉翻译练习集》、汉译《东林怨》(第1部)、汉译《通天塔—文学翻译理论研究》(节译)、广播函授课程《英语翻译》(4册)、合译《飘》、汉译《韩素音自传—再生凤凰》、《英汉翻译教程》及《英汉翻译教程辅导用书》、合译《英语用法指南》(第2版)、汉译《大卫·科波菲尔》。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第6版)审订)