中央广播电视总台央视记者：
CCTV:
我们注意到，新版国防白皮书的题目是《新时代的中国国防》，这与以往的综合型国防白皮书不同，请问这样命名的考虑是什么？另外，我们也注意到当前的国际形势正在发生复杂深刻的变化。请问，新版国防白皮书是如何评价当前国际国内安全形势的？谢谢。
The new white paper is entitled "China's National Defense in the New Era". This differs from the title of previous comprehensive national defense white papers. Why is the document so entitled? Besides that, we take note of the fact that the international situation is undergoing a profound transformation. How does the new white paper describe the international and domestic security situation? Thank you.
吴谦：
Wu Qian:
我来回答你这个问题。党的十九大鲜明指出，中国特色社会主义进入了新时代，中国国防和军队建设正站在新的历史起点上。新时代的中国国防，深入贯彻习近平强军思想，深入贯彻习近平军事战略思想，坚持以党在新时代的强军目标为引领，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，坚持走中国特色强军之路，国防和军队建设取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。人民军队体制一新、结构一新、格局一新、面貌一新。新时代首部综合型国防白皮书顺应时代发展，把握世情国情军情，全面系统介绍国防和军队建设新的政策遵循，新的使命任务、新的战略安排和新的强军实践，有利于国际社会和国内民众更加全面客观地了解新时代的中国国防和军队建设。
Please allow me to answer your questions. As stated in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era, and we have reached a new starting point in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.
In the new era, China's national defense forces fully implement Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military, and his thinking on military strategy. We are committed to achieving the goal of building a strong military capability in the new era, implement the military strategic guideline for a new era, and continue to strengthen the military in the Chinese way. We have made historic achievements and promoted historic changes in the national defense and army building campaigns. Changes have occurred in the people's army's system, its structure, patterns and appearance.
The first comprehensive white paper on national defense in the new era responds to the trend of the times. It provides a precise summary of the world situation, that of the country and the pertaining to the Chinese military. It provides a comprehensive introduction of the new policies on national defense and army building, as well as the new missions, tasks, strategic deployment and practices related to building a strong military force. It will be helpful for the world and the Chinese people to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of our national defense and army building efforts in the new era.
关于你的第二个问题，当前国际战略格局深刻演变，国际力量加快分化组合，新兴市场国家和发展中国家力量持续上升，战略力量对比此消彼长，更趋均衡，促和平、求稳定、谋发展已经成为国际社会的普遍诉求，和平力量的上升远远超过战争因素的增长。但是，霸权主义、强权政治、单边主义时有抬头，地区冲突和局部战争持续不断，国际安全体系和秩序受到冲击。这部白皮书对当前的国际国内安全形势作出四个战略判断：一是国际战略格局深刻演变，二是亚太安全形势总体稳定，三是中国的国家安全面临的风险挑战不容忽视，四是国际军事竞争日趋激烈。
Regarding your second question, the international strategic landscape is undergoing a profound transformation. The process of disintegration and re-integration of various international powers is gaining momentum. Emerging markets and developing countries have acquired greater strength. With various powers growing or waning, the global power configuration has become more balanced. Seeking peace, stability and development has become a common pursuit of international society. The forces for peace far outweigh factors causing war. At the same time, however, hegemony, power politics and unilateralism are mounting, and regional conflicts and wars are ongoing, threatening the international security system and order.
The white paper contains four strategic conclusions on the current international and domestic security situation: First, the international strategic landscape is undergoing a profound transformation. Second, the security situation of the Asia-Pacific region generally remains stable. Third, the security risks and challenges facing China should not be overlooked. Fourth, international military competition is intensifying.
在纷繁复杂的国际国内形势面前，中国坚信和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流不可逆转，称霸扩张终将失败，安全繁荣应该共享。我们呼吁，各国应超越文明冲突、冷战思维、零和博弈，坚持对话协商、求同存异、共建共享，携手应对全球性挑战，共同走和平发展道路，推动构建人类命运共同体，努力建设一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，让人类生活更加幸福美好。谢谢。
In the face of such a complex international and domestic situation, China firmly believes that peace, development, cooperation and prosperity for all are irreversible trends of the times. Any attempt to seek hegemony or expansion is doomed to fail. Security and prosperity should be enjoyed by all.
We call for all countries to go beyond outdated concepts such as a clash of civilizations, Cold War and a zero-sum mentality, and uphold such principles as conducting dialogue and consultation, seeking common ground while setting aside differences, and making joint contribution and sharing benefits. We should make joint efforts to tackle global challenges, promote peace and development, build a community with a shared future for mankind, and build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. Thank you.
中国日报记者：
China Daily:
新版国防白皮书提出了习近平军事战略思想，请问这一重大思想形成的时代背景和重大意义是什么？有哪些理论特质和历史贡献？
The new white paper on national defense stresses Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy. Could you please tell us the background and significance of the formation of this important thinking? What are its theoretical characteristics and historical contributions?
蔡志军：
Cai Zhijun:
谢谢这位记者朋友的提问。军事战略思想是一支军队的旗帜引领，是随着时代的发展而发展的。党的十八大以来，习主席在领导国防和军队建设、指挥现实军事斗争的伟大实践中，着眼顺应世界百年未有之大变局、应对国家安全面临的各种风险挑战、全面建成世界一流军队的战略需要，鲜明提出一系列新思想新观点新论断新要求，与时俱进、创新发展军事战略指导，形成了习近平军事战略思想。习主席作为党的核心、军队统帅，是这一重大思想的主要创立者，对形成习近平军事战略思想起到了决定性作用。
Thank you for your questions. Military strategic thinking is the banner that guides an army, and it should keep up with the times. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, President Xi, in his dedicated leadership of national defense, the building of our armed forces, and commanding actual military campaigns, has taken a broad view of the profound changes in the world not seen for a long time to deal with various risks and challenges involved in ensuring national security and meet the requirements of comprehensively building Chinese military into a world-class force. He has put forward a series of new ideas, viewpoints, judgments and requirements to enhance military strategic guidance as required by the times. Against this background, Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has taken shape. Xi, as the core of Party leadership and as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, is the main architect of this important thinking, and plays a decisive role in this process.
习近平军事战略思想始终坚持积极防御战略思想这个基本点，深刻揭示新时代战争与和平、军事与政治、总体安全与军事安全等重大关系，全面系统地回答了新时代军事战略指导的一系列根本性、全局性、方向性重大问题。这一重大思想是马克思主义战争观、方法论在新时代中国国防和军队建设中的创新和发展，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在军事战略领域的运用和展开，是习近平强军思想的重要组成部分，是科学的思想体系和理论体系。
Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has always adhered to the strategic concept of active defense. It has profoundly revealed the important relationship between war and peace, military affairs and politics, national security and military security in the new era. It has comprehensively and systematically answered a series of fundamental, overarching and directionally important questions related to military strategic guidance in the new era. The important thinking is an innovative development of the Marxist view of war and methodology in China's national defense and armed forces building in the new era. It is the application and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is an important part of Xi Jinping's thinking on strengthening the military. It is a scientific ideological and theoretical system.
习近平军事战略思想，具有鲜明的科学品质。一是理论特质，继承和发展党的军事指导理论精要，是马克思主义战争观方法论中国化的最新成果。二是时代特色，把握中国特色社会主义进入新时代、国防和军队建设也进入新时代的历史方位，与时俱进发展军事战略指导。三是战略特色，科学把握战争规律和战争的指导规律，赋予积极防御战略思想新的内涵。四是实践特色，根植于强军兴军的伟大实践，持续彰显真理光芒和实践伟力，具有独特的战略风格、战略魅力、战略气派。
Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has distinct scientific qualities. First and most important, in terms of theory, it inherits and develops the essence of the Party's military guidance theory, and is the latest achievement in adapting the Marxist view of war and its methodology to a Chinese context. Second, from an historical viewpoint, it seizes the right moment when socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China's national defense and armed forces building has followed suit. Third, from a strategic viewpoint, it grasps the laws of waging war and directing war, endowing the strategic concept of active defense with new connotations. Fourth, from a practical viewpoint, a great truth emerges from the great practice of strengthening and revitalizing the armed forces, so it has a unique strategic style and insight.
习近平军事战略思想，开辟了马克思主义战争观安全观的新境界，开辟了支撑中华民族伟大复兴战略布局的新境界，开辟了维护国家安全战略运筹的新境界，开辟了国防和军队现代化战略设计的新境界，是当前和今后一个时期我军军事力量运用和建设的根本遵循和科学指南。2019年的1月在北京召开的中央军委军事工作会议，确立习近平军事战略思想为新时代军事战略根本指导思想，这是维护核心的政治要求，是强军兴军的必然选择，是谋战胜战的客观需要，也是全军上下的共同期盼。谢谢。
Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy has established a new realm in the Marxist view of war and security. It enhances the strategic drive of realizing the Chinese Dream of great national rejuvenation. It breaks new grounds for implementing national security strategy. It broadens our vision of modernizing national defense and armed forces. The thinking is a fundamental rule and scientific guidance for using and building our military forces at present and in the future. At the military work conference of the Central Military Commission held in Beijing in January 2019, Xi Jinping's thinking on military strategy was established as the fundamental guiding ideology of China's military strategy in the new era. The decision is based on political, practical and strategic needs. It is also is also the common expectation of the whole army. Thank you.
美国有线电视新闻记者：
CNN:
我们看到，美军对韩国方面就中俄两国军机“入侵”韩国领空的事件作了表态，说美军就此事与韩国及日本盟国进行了密切协调，也会通过外交途径向中俄两军进行沟通。我不知道中国军方对此事能作出什么样的确认和回应？还有一个与此相关的问题，美国新任防长埃斯珀昨天在华盛顿宣任就职，埃斯珀是美国公认的对华强硬派，他今年早些时间表示，中美两国两军之间战略竞争关系是他整个认知系统的基础，也对中俄两军近年来大力发展军事能力和武器装备表示，这是对美国的一种长期威胁。很多人认为，他担任防长之后美军会更愿意与中国军队进行公开对峙，您对此有何回应？对埃斯珀担任防长之后的中美两军关系，您会不会有所担忧？谢谢。
Regarding South Korea's accusation against Russian and Chinese aircraft of "violating" its airspace, the Pentagon spokesman said the U.S. Defense Department was in close coordination with its Korean and Japanese allies about the event, and will continue to monitor activities as they make follow-up contacts with the Russian and Chinese military in diplomatic channels. I would like to know China's response to it.
And I have another related question. Mark Esper was sworn in as the new defense secretary in Washington yesterday. He has long pushed for the U.S. to take a hardline stance against China. Earlier this year, he stated the U.S. was engaged in strategic competition with China, which is both the foundation and the shaping of his views in this regard. Also, he thinks that Russia and China's aggressive development of formations, capabilities and weapons systems in recent years poses a long-term threat to American interests. Many people believe that the U.S. military is more likely to engage in a public standoff with the Chinese military during Esper's tenure. What is your comment on this? Do you have any concerns about the Sino-U.S. military relationship while Esper serves as defense secretary? Thank you.
吴谦：
Wu Qian:
先回答你的第一个问题，7月23日，中国与俄罗斯两国空军在东北亚地区组织实施首次联合空中战略巡航，中方派出2架轰-6K飞机，与俄方2架图-95飞机混合编队，位日本海、东海有关空域按既定航线组织联合巡航。飞行期间，两国空军飞机严格遵守国际法有关规定，未进入他国领空。
For your first question. On July 23, the Chinese and Russian air forces organized the first joint air patrol in Northeast Asia. China's two H-6K bombers, along with two Russian Tu-95 bombers, patrolled a pre-planned route over the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea. During the patrol, the planes of China and Russia maintained their flights in line with international rules and did not enter territorial air space of any other country.
此次联合巡航旨在深化和发展中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系，进一步提升中俄两军战略协作水平和联合行动能力，共同维护全球战略稳定。此次行动是中俄两军年度合作计划内项目，不针对第三方。
This joint patrol was carried out with the aim of deepening the two countries' comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, of further increasing understanding between the armed forces of the two countries, and of enhancing their capabilities to carry out joint actions, and strengthening global strategic stability. The exercise was performed in line with the planned annual military cooperation program between China and Russia and was not aimed against any third country.
同时我们也注意到，俄罗斯国防部就此已发表了声明，我建议你也读一读。
Furthermore, we also noticed that the Russian Ministry of Defense has issued a statement in this regard, and I suggest you read it.
第二个问题，我们也关注到埃斯珀防长就任美国国防部长，我们对此表示祝贺，希望在埃斯珀防长任职期间，中美两军关系能够得到健康稳定发展。但是，在这里我还想强调两点：第一，中国的主权、安全、发展利益不容侵犯。第二，中国军事力量的发展完全是世界和平力量的发展。谢谢。
For your second question, Mark Esper has been confirmed as the U.S. Secretary of Defense and we would like to extend our congratulations to him. We hope that the military relations between China and U.S. could achieve healthy and stable development during his tenure. However, here I also would like to emphasize two points: first, China's sovereignty, security and developmental interests are inviolable. Second, the development of China's military power is entirely in line with the development of the forces for world peace. Thank you.
解放军报记者：
China Military:
我们注意到新版的白皮书介绍了深化国防和军队改革的举措和取得的成就。请问这次改革顺利推进的原因和主要做法是什么？去年11月，中央军委召开政策制度改革工作会议，全面部署军事政策制度改革任务，新版国防白皮书也对此作了相应介绍。能否介绍一下军事政策制度改革的主要特点和相关的进展情况。
We noticed that the White Paper introduced the measures and progress made in reforming the national defense and the armed forces. So, what are the reasons behind the progress and what kind of measures have been taken to push forward the reform? Last November, the Central Military Commission held the working group meeting to comprehensively launch reform for military policies and institutions, which was also mentioned in the White Paper. Would you please talk about the major characteristics and progress of the reform?
王伟：
Wang Wei:
谢谢你的问题。首先回答第一个问题，习主席亲自领导、亲自决策、亲自推动是深化国防军队改革的根本保证。党的十八大以来，习主席亲自决策，把国防和军队改革纳入全面深化改革的总盘子，成立中央军委深化国防和军队改革领导小组并担任组长，亲自领导改革调研论证和方案拟制工作，亲自组织研究改革重大问题，亲自出席一系列军队改革工作会议，亲自向新调整组建大单位授旗并发布训词训令，紧跟改革进程发表一系列的重要讲话。深化国防和军队改革能够攻坚克难、连战连捷、成果巨大，根本在于党中央、中央军委和习主席的坚强领导，在于习近平强军思想的科学指引。
Thanks for your questions. I'll start answering your first question. President Xi Jinping was personally involved in leading and pushing forward the reform of national defense and armed forces, offering the fundamental guarantee for the reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi has been involved in the decision-making part of the reform, and included the national defense and military reform into the overall plan of comprehensively deepening reform. As the leader of the Leading Group for National Defense and Military Reform of the Central Military Commission, he worked to study major issues with regard to the reform and formulated the plan. He took part in a series of group meetings, presented the military flags to the newly adjusted and established units and delivered a series of major speeches. We overcame many difficulties and made a huge achievement in deepening the reform of national defense and armed forces. All of these are under the strong leadership of the Party, Central Military Commission and President Xi and guided by President Xi's thinking on strengthening the military.
这次深化国防和军队改革，坚持体系化设计、工程化推进，总体上是按照“三大战役”来打的。第一仗，率先展开领导指挥体制改革，重在解决体制性障碍；第二仗，压茬推进规模结构和力量编成改革，重在解决结构性矛盾；第三仗，着力深化政策制度改革，重在解决政策性问题。全军官兵坚决贯彻落实党中央、中央军委和习主席改革决策部署，各级党委和政府、人民群众对国防和军队改革大力支持，汇集起改革强军的磅礴力量。这次改革，打破了长期实行的总部体制、大军区体制、大陆军体制，形成了军委管总、战区主战、军种主建的新格局，改变了长期以来陆战型、国土防御型的力量结构和兵力布势。
The national defense and military reform is based on the systematic design of three major issues. First, reforming the leadership and command system and removing institutional barriers. Second, supporting reforms in force structure and composition and solving structural problems. Third, deepening reform of military policies and institutions and resolving policy-related problems. We owe our achievements to the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and the guidance of President Xi Jinping on the national defense and military reform, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and all the people in China. The PLA has dismantled the long-established systems of general departments, military area commands and the force composition with a dominating land force, and established a new pattern of the CMC exercising overall leadership, the TCs responsible for military operations and the services focusing on developing capabilities.
第二个问题是关于政策制度改革。这次军事政策制度改革，是深化国防和军队改革的重要内容，又是重要保证，涉及军事实践的各领域、各方面、各环节，系统性、整体性、协同性很强。这次军事政策制度改革，最鲜明的一个特点，就是深刻把握政策制度建设的特点规律和内在机理，搞好顶层谋划和体系设计。坚持把军事政策制度改革放在强国强军事业全局中来运筹，放在建设世界一流军队进程中来推进，从指挥、建设、管理、监督四条链路进行整体重塑，鲜明提出建立健全中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系，提出军队党的建设制度、军事力量运用政策制度、军事力量建设政策制度、军事管理政策制度四个方面的布局。这“一大体系、四大板块”，导向鲜明、覆盖全面、结构严密、内在协调，符合我国国情军情，适应新时代、新使命、新体制要求。
Your second question is about the reform of policies and institutions. The reform of military policies and institutions is a major part and solid guarantee for deepening the national defense and military reform. It involves all areas, all aspects, and all parts of the military practice, and is more systemic, comprehensive, and balanced. One of the characteristics of the military policies and institutions reform is to maintain a profound understanding of the implication of policy and system building, and strengthen planning at the top level and adopt a holistic approach in doing so. We should comprehensively advance the military policies and institutions reform, striding forward along the path to build a stronger military and fully transform the people's armed forces into world-class forces. We should launch our reform in the fields of command, construction, management and inspection. We should develop a socialist military institution with Chinese characteristics. We should focus on reform measures from four aspects: strengthening Party building in the military, improving policies and institutions for military force employment, reformulating policies and institutions and reforming the policies and institutions for military management. All of these measures have a clear, comprehensive and balanced guide for their reform, which is catered for national and military conditions and is suited for the new era, new mission and new system.
这次政策制度改革的主要安排是，2020年前，完成各系统各领域主干政策制度改革，构建起中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系的基本框架。到2022年，完善各领域配套政策制度，构建起比较完备的中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系。去年中央军委政策制度改革工作会议后，军委机关各部门、各大单位结合各自担负的任务，分系统分领域制定路线图、施工图，军事政策制度改革目前正按计划有序推进。同时，我们着眼改革急需、备战急用、官兵急盼，联合出台了加强军队党组织建设、改善官兵待遇保障、联合作战参谋指挥军官管理、军事训练监察、文职人员聘用管理等一系列政策制度，这方面政策制度一共27项，今年上半年已经全部完成，有关信息在媒体上也进行了披露，如果你希望全面了解，可以查阅一下。
According to the plan of the policy and institutional reform, by 2020, reform of the main structures of all systems and areas will be completed, and the basic framework of the socialist military policy and institution with Chinese characteristics will be established. By 2022, we will further improve the coordinated policies and establish the system of socialist military policy and institution with Chinese characteristics. Since the CMC held its working group meeting on policy and institutional reform last year, all departments and units in the military have taken their responsibilities to mull over plans in different systems and areas, with steady progress in military policy and institutional reform. We also actively responded to the urgent demands of the military reform and carried out a series of reform measures with respect to Party building in the military, improving the wellbeing of service personnel, the joint operations commands and conducting supervision on military training. We have already put all 27 policies into practice in the first half of the year. Related information has been released by the media, which you can refer to.
这些政策制度的出台，在深化改革成效、聚力练兵备战、回应官兵关切等方面发挥了重要作用，受到部队高度评价。
All these policies played an important role in deepening reform, uniting the military and responding to the concerns of officers and soldiers, which were highly commended by the military.
CGTN记者：
CGTN:
我们注意到，这部白皮书提到中国军队一个重要的战略任务是保护海外利益，这将意味着中国军队将更多地参与到海外的军事行动。请问发言人，这种行动和白皮书所强调的中国军队和平发展道路是否相矛盾？谢谢。
We have noted that, in the white paper's view, protecting national interests abroad is one of the important strategic missions for the People's Liberation Army (PLA), meaning the army will be involved more frequently in overseas military actions. Therefore, my question to our spokespersons is whether the actions will disturb PLA's path leading to peaceful development? Thank you.
吴谦：
Wu Qian:
这个问题我来回答一下。简要回答，就是两者完全不矛盾。中国军队走向世界，一方面是为了有效维护国家海外利益，更好地履行新时代军队使命任务。另一方面是为了顺应国际社会的普遍期待，提供更多的公共安全产品。在白皮书中，无论是维和、护航，还是人道主义救援减灾，你可以找到很多这样的例子。中国的社会主义国家性质、走和平发展道路的战略抉择、独立自主的和平外交政策、“和为贵”的中华文化传统，决定了中国始终不渝奉行防御性国防政策，坚持永不称霸、永不扩张、永不谋求势力范围是新时代中国国防的鲜明特征。也就是说，中国军队走向世界，给世界带来的是安全而不是威胁，是机遇而不是挑战。谢谢。
Please allow me to answer your question. My short response is they do not contradict each other at all. While going abroad, the PLA can, on one hand, better implement the missions required in the new era to protect China's overseas interests; and on the other hand, provide more public security goods to meet the general expectations of the international community. Be they peacekeeping missions, navigation escorts on the high seas or humanitarian aid, there are sufficient examples mentioned in the white paper. The socialist system of China, the strategic decision to follow the path of peaceful development, the independent foreign policy of peace, and the best of our cultural traditions – considering peace and harmony as fundamentals – determine that China will pursue a national defense policy defensive in nature. It will never seek hegemony, expansion and establishment of spheres of influence. The promise reflects the distinctive feature of China's national defense in the new era. In other words, what the PLA brings to the world while going abroad are neither threats nor challenges, but stability and opportunities for promoting peace. Thank you.
来源：天之聪口译
