新华社记者：2018年是中国改革开放40周年，提出了改革要再出发，现在国内外对中国加快改革有许多新期待。
Xinhua News Agency: The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up, putting China’s reform at a new starting point. There have been new hopes, both at home and abroad, for China to accelerate its reform agenda.
请问今年改革会有什么具体的行动？在优化营商环境方面会有哪些新举措？
What concrete actions will be taken to deepen reform this year? What specific measures will be adopted to improve China’s business environment?
李克强：改革开放40年来，中国发展取得了巨大成就，惠及了亿万中国人民。
Premier Li: Through 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has made remarkable achievements, delivering benefits to its entire population.
这条路我们会继续走下去，而且应该越走越深入、越宽广。
We intend to stay on this path and will pursue our reform at greater depth and breadth.
也就是说，我们要继续推进建设社会主义市场经济，继续坚持市场化改革的方向。
We will continue to develop our socialist market economy, and pursue market-oriented reforms.
政府要坚持推进市场化、法治化的改革，以实际行动、具体举措让改革成果不断显现。
The government will continue to move forward these reforms in accordance with market principles and the law, to ensure that concrete outcomes will be delivered through specific actions.
政府的改革应该是更好地让市场在配置资源中发挥决定性作用，也就是说要围着市场做文章，不是老给市场下指令、让市场做什么，而是要把市场的活力激发出来。
In carrying out reform, the government must create an enabling environment for the market to play its decisive role in allocating resources. The job of the government is not to direct what the market should or should not do, but to do its best to energize all market players.
这次我在参加“两会”的时候，不少代表委员都提出希望继续优化营商环境。
During this year’s “Two Sessions”, I have heard the hope expressed by many NPC deputies and CPPCC members for a better business environment in China.
给企业好的营商环境、公平的营商环境，市场就会发挥自身的力量。
They told me that if there is a more enabling business environment and a level playing field, the market will be in a stronger position to play its role.
应该说，我们这几年通过“放管服”改革，营商环境的优化是取得成效的。
Over the years, through the reform of government functions, we have made substantial progress in improving our business environment.
去年有关国际组织把中国营商环境的排名提升了30多位。
This has also been evidenced by the fact that China’s global ranking in terms of ease of doing business run by an important international organization moved up by over 30 spots last year.
但社会上也有呼声，营商环境改善得还不够，还有较大差距。
There has been improvement, but we are still falling short in some respects.
我们要倾听这种呼声，进一步改善营商环境。
We must listen closely to the views expressed by market players and do our level best to foster a better business environment to unlock market vitality and creativity of the people.
营商环境好了，市场的活力和社会的创造力就会更大地释放出来。
When improving the business environment, efforts will be made in both deregulation and oversight.
改善营商环境，还是要放管结合、放管并重。放就是要平等地放，不能搞三六九等。
By deregulation, we will ensure that companies of all types of ownership will stand to benefit as equals from our measures of administrative streamlining,
我们减少审批程序、办证办照时间，应该说对各类所有制企业，原则是一视同仁的。
including cutting the time required for companies to get business license or other required licenses and permits. There should be no discriminatory practices.
现在开办企业拿营业执照的时间，经过几年努力，已经从22天降到了8.5天，今年要力争降到5天，有的地方可以降到3天，目前有的发达国家才1天。
For example, through years of efforts, we have cut the time required to get a business license from 22 days to 8.5 days. This year, our goal is to further cut it to five days, and in some places with better conditions, maybe three days.
我到基层去调研，有不少企业反映，拿到营业执照以后还需要很多证，这是所谓“准入不准营”。
It only takes one day to get a business license in some developed countries. When I visited some local areas, I heard complaints from business owners, telling me that even with a business license, they still face a myriad of requirements for other types of permits, that is, their companies can be up but not actually running.
我们要采取措施，除了涉及公共安全、特种行业之外，都应该拿到营业执照以后就可以正常经营。
We plan to ensure that except for those areas involving public safety and security and other special sectors, a business license should be enough for a company to be up and running.
政府的监管部门可以加强事中事后监管，在这个过程中，对企业的行为进行甄别辨别，需要发证的发证，不符合资质条件的，该逐出市场就逐出市场。
For government departments, their job should be focused on enhancing compliance oversight, to see what permits are required, and ban non-compliant and disqualified companies from the market.
宽进就要严管。
With lower market thresholds, there must be tightened oversight.
公平的准入，公正的监管，这是鸟之两翼，不可偏废。
There should be fair access to market and impartial regulation.
如果我们监管不到位，那些坑蒙拐骗、侵犯知识产权、假冒伪劣、恶意拖欠款项的行为就有可能肆意妄为。
With laxity in regulation on the part of government, malpractices such as cheating and manipulation, infringements of intellectual property, making and selling of fake or substandard goods, or payment arrears, may be left unchecked.
这次“两会”上我听到一些政协委员反映，他们遇到的是打官司难、讨债难，政府的监管不到位。
I have heard complaints from CPPCC members during this year’s “Two Sessions” about difficulties in seeking legal redress and getting debts repaid due to inadequate oversight.
监管要把规则公开透明，让被监管者知道自己该做什么、不该做什么。
We must make the rules open and transparent, so that market players are fully aware of the dos and don’ts.
监管不能搞选择性监管、任性监管。
We must not exercise selective or arbitrary regulation.
要形成一种放和管结合的有效的制度性安排。
We must put in place effective institutional arrangements for both deregulation and oversight.
我可以这么说，减税降费和简政、公平监管，这是我们应对经济下行压力、激发市场活力的两个重要的关键举措，目的是要让中国经济行稳致远，而且活力四射。
It can be said that the tax and fee cuts, together with administrative streamlining and impartial regulation, are two very important parts of our measures to counter the downward economic pressure and boost market vitality. The purpose is to ensure steady and sustained growth of the Chinese economy, and make it full of vigor and vitality.
来源：译路通 日期：2019年3月18日
